Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/cd-dvd.html @ 9084:251e6cd8f81b
readvcd is useful for reading VCDs with SCSI CD-ROM drives.
author | diego |
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date | Sat, 25 Jan 2003 04:05:36 +0000 |
parents | 553653787cea |
children | a2eef35515c7 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> |
1612 | 2 <HTML> |
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3 |
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4 <HEAD> |
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5 <TITLE>CD, DVD, VCD - MPlayer - The Movie Player for Linux</TITLE> |
6391 | 6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"> |
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> |
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8 </HEAD> |
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9 |
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10 <BODY> |
1704 | 11 |
1612 | 12 |
7047 | 13 <H2><A NAME="drives">4.1 CD/DVD drives</A></H2> |
1682 | 14 |
6877 | 15 <P>Linux documentation excerpt:</P> |
1612 | 16 |
6878 | 17 <P>Modern CD-ROM drives can attain very high head speeds, yet some CD-ROM drives |
18 are capable of running at reduced speeds. There are several reasons that might | |
19 make you consider changing the speed of a CD-ROM drive:</P> | |
20 | |
21 <UL> | |
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22 <LI>There have been reports of read errors at high speeds, especially |
6878 | 23 with badly pressed CD-ROMs. Reducing the speed can prevent data loss under |
24 these circumstances.</LI> | |
25 <LI>Many CD-ROM drives are annoyingly loud, a lower speed may reduce the | |
26 noise.</LI> | |
27 </UL> | |
1612 | 28 |
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29 <P>You can reduce the speed of IDE CD-ROM drives with <CODE>hdparm</CODE> or a |
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30 program called <CODE>setcd</CODE>. It works like this:</P> |
6877 | 31 |
32 <P> <CODE>hdparm -E [speed] [cdrom device]</CODE></P> | |
1682 | 33 |
34 <P> <CODE>setcd -x [speed] [cdrom device]</CODE></P> | |
1612 | 35 |
6877 | 36 <P>You can also try</P> |
1682 | 37 |
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38 <P> <CODE>echo current_speed:4 > /proc/ide/[cdrom device]/settings</CODE></P> |
1682 | 39 |
6877 | 40 <P>but you will need root privileges. The following command may also help:</P> |
1682 | 41 |
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42 <P> <CODE>echo file_readahead:2000000 > /proc/ide/[cdrom device]/settings</CODE></P> |
1612 | 43 |
6877 | 44 <P>This sets prefetched file reading to 2MB, which helps with scratched CD-ROMs. |
8496 | 45 If you set it to too high, the drive will continuously spin up and down, and |
46 will dramatically decrease the performance. | |
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47 It is recommended that you also tune your CD-ROM drive with |
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48 <CODE>hdparm</CODE>:</P> |
1682 | 49 |
50 <P> <CODE>hdparm -d1 -a8 -u1 (cdrom device)</CODE></P> | |
1612 | 51 |
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52 <P>This enables DMA access, read-ahead, and IRQ unmasking (read the |
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53 <CODE>hdparm</CODE> man page for a detailed explanation).</P> |
1612 | 54 |
6877 | 55 <P>Please refer to "<CODE>/proc/ide/[cdrom device]/settings</CODE>" for |
56 fine-tuning your CD-ROM.</P> | |
1612 | 57 |
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58 <P>SCSI drives do not have a uniform way of setting these parameters (Do you |
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59 know one? Tell us!) There is a tool that works for |
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60 <A HREF="http://das.ist.org/~georg/">Plextor SCSI drives</A>.</P> |
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61 |
7795 | 62 <P>FreeBSD:</P> |
63 | |
64 <P> Speed: <CODE>cdcontrol [-f device] speed [speed]</CODE></P> | |
65 <P> DMA: <CODE>sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1</CODE></P> | |
66 | |
6878 | 67 |
7047 | 68 <H2><A NAME="dvd">4.2 DVD playback</A></H2> |
1682 | 69 |
7934 | 70 <P>For the complete list of available options, please read the man page.</P> |
71 | |
72 <H4>New-style DVD support (mpdvdkit2)</H4> | |
73 | |
7814 | 74 <P>MPlayer uses <CODE>libdvdread</CODE> and <CODE>libdvdcss</CODE> for |
6877 | 75 DVD decryption and playback. These two libraries are contained in the |
7814 | 76 <CODE>libmpdvdkit2/</CODE> subdirectory of the MPlayer source tree, you |
6877 | 77 do not have to install them separately. We opted for this solution because |
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78 we had to fix a <CODE>libdvdread</CODE> bug and apply a patch which adds |
8605 | 79 <B>cracked CSS keys caching support</B> to <CODE>libdvdcss</CODE>. This results |
80 in a large speed increase because the keys do not have to be cracked every time | |
81 before playing.</P> | |
1612 | 82 |
7814 | 83 <P>MPlayer can also use system-wide <CODE>libdvdread</CODE> and |
6877 | 84 <CODE>libdvdcss</CODE> libraries, but this solution is <B>not</B> recommended, |
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85 as it can result in bugs, library incompatibilities and slower speed.</P> |
6877 | 86 |
7934 | 87 <H4>DVD Navigation support (dvdnav)</H4> |
88 | |
89 <P>Support for DVD navigation via <CODE>dvdnav</CODE> was being worked on, but | |
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90 it was never finished properly and it is currently unmaintained. Who knows, it |
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91 might even compile.</P> |
4057 | 92 |
7047 | 93 <H4>Old-style DVD support - OPTIONAL</H4> |
4057 | 94 |
7934 | 95 <P>Useful if you want to play encoded VOBs from <B>hard disk</B>. Compile and |
7814 | 96 install <B>libcss</B> 0.0.1 (not newer) for this (If MPlayer fails to |
7935 | 97 detect it, use the <CODE>-csslib /path/to/libcss.so</CODE> option). To use it, |
98 you need to be root, use a suid root MPlayer binary or let MPlayer call the | |
7943 | 99 suid-root fibmap_mplayer wrapper program.</P> |
7934 | 100 |
101 <H4>DVD structure</H4> | |
102 | |
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103 <P>DVD disks have 2048 bytes per sector with ECC/CRC. They usually have an UDF |
7992 | 104 filesystem on a single track, containing various files (small .IFO and .BUK |
105 files and big (1GB) .VOB files). They are real files and can be copied/played | |
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106 from the mounted filesystem of an unencrypted DVD.</P> |
7934 | 107 |
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108 <P>The .IFO files contain the movie navigation information (chapter/title/angle |
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109 map, language table, etc) and are needed to read and interpret the .VOB |
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110 content (movie). The .BUK files are backups of them. They use <B>sectors</B> |
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111 everywhere, so you need to use raw addressing of sectors of the disc to |
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112 implement DVD navigation or decrypt the content.</P> |
7934 | 113 |
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114 <P>The whole old-style DVD support with <CODE>libcss</CODE> therefore needs a mounted DVD |
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115 filesystem and raw sector-based access to the device. Unfortunately you must |
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116 (under Linux) be root to get the sector address of a file. You have the |
7992 | 117 following choices:</P> |
7934 | 118 |
119 <UL> | |
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120 <LI>Be root or use a suid-root mplayer binary.</LI> |
7943 | 121 <LI>Let MPlayer call the suid-root fibmap_mplayer wrapper program to access |
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122 the DVD (used in the old-style DVD playback over <CODE>libcss</CODE>).</LI> |
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123 <LI>Don't use the kernel's filesystem driver at all and reimplement it in |
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124 userspace. <CODE>libdvdread</CODE> 0.9.x and <CODE>libmpdvdkit</CODE> do this (new-style DVD |
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125 support). The kernel UDF filesystem driver is not needed as they already |
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126 have their own builtin UDF filesystem driver. Also the DVD does not have to |
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127 be mounted as only the raw sector-based access is used.</LI> |
7934 | 128 </UL> |
129 | |
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130 <P>Sometimes <CODE>/dev/dvd</CODE> cannot be read by users, so the <CODE>libdvdread</CODE> |
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131 authors implemented an emulation layer which transfers sector addresses to |
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132 filenames+offsets, to emulate raw access on top of a mounted filesystem |
7992 | 133 or even on a hard disk.</P> |
7934 | 134 |
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135 <P><CODE>libdvdread</CODE> even accepts the mountpoint instead of the device name for raw |
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136 access and checks <CODE>/proc/mounts</CODE> to get the device name. It was |
7992 | 137 developed for Solaris, where device names are dynamically allocated.</P> |
7934 | 138 |
139 <P>The default DVD device is <CODE>/dev/dvd</CODE>. If your setup differs, | |
7992 | 140 make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the |
141 <CODE>-dvd-device</CODE> option.</P> | |
7934 | 142 |
143 <H4>DVD authentication</H4> | |
1612 | 144 |
7934 | 145 <P>The authentication and decryption method of the new-style DVD support is done |
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146 using a patched <CODE>libdvdcss</CODE> (see above). The method can be specified through the |
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147 environment variable <CODE>DVDCSS_METHOD</CODE>, which can be set to |
7934 | 148 <CODE>key</CODE>, <CODE>disk</CODE> or <CODE>title</CODE>.</P> |
149 | |
150 <P>If nothing is specified it tries the following methods | |
151 (default: key, title request):</P> | |
152 | |
153 <OL> | |
154 <LI><B>bus key:</B> This key is negotiated during authentication (a long mix | |
155 of ioctls and various key exchanges, crypto stuff) and is used to encrypt | |
156 the title and disk keys before sending them over the unprotected bus | |
157 (to prevent eavesdropping). The bus key is needed to get and predecrypt the | |
7992 | 158 crypted disk key.</LI> |
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159 <LI><B>cached key:</B> MPlayer looks for already cracked |
7934 | 160 title keys which are stored in the <CODE>~/.mplayer/DVDKeys</CODE> directory |
161 (fast ;).</LI> | |
162 <LI><B>key:</B> If no cached key is available, MPlayer tries to | |
7992 | 163 decrypt the disk key with a set of included player keys.</LI> |
7934 | 164 <LI><B>disk:</B> If the key method fails (e.g. no included player keys), |
165 MPlayer will crack the disk key using a brute force algorithm. | |
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166 This process is CPU intensive and requires 64 MB of memory (16M 32Bit |
7934 | 167 entries hash table) to store temporary data. This method should always |
168 work (slow).</LI> | |
7992 | 169 <LI><B>title request:</B> With the disk key MPlayer requests the crypted title |
7934 | 170 keys, which are inside <I>hidden sectors</I> using <CODE>ioctl()</CODE>. |
171 The region protection of RPC-2 drives is performed in this step and may | |
172 fail on such drives. If it succeeds, the title keys will be decrypted with | |
7992 | 173 the bus and disk key.</LI> |
7934 | 174 <LI><B>title:</B> This method is used if the title request failed and does |
175 not rely on any key exchange with the DVD drive. It uses a crypto attack to | |
176 guess the title key directly (by finding a repeating pattern in the | |
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177 decrypted VOB content and guessing that the plain text corresponding to the |
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178 first encrypted bytes is a continuation of that pattern). |
7934 | 179 The method is also known as "known plaintext attack" or "DeCSSPlus". |
180 In rare cases this may fail because there is not enough encrypted data on | |
181 the disk to perform a statistical attack or because the key changes in the | |
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182 middle of a title. This method is the only way to decrypt a DVD stored on a |
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183 hard disk or a DVD with the wrong region on an RPC2 drive (slow).</LI> |
7934 | 184 </OL> |
185 | |
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186 <P>RPC-1 DVD drives only protect region settings through software. |
7934 | 187 RPC-2 drives have a hardware protection that allows 5 changes only. It might |
188 be needed/recommended to upgrade the firmware to RPC-1 if you have a RPC-2 DVD | |
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189 drive. Firmware upgrades can be found on this |
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190 <A HREF="http://www.firmware-flash.com">firmware page</A>. If there is |
7934 | 191 no firmware upgrade available for your device, use the |
192 <A HREF="http://www.linuxtv.org/download/dvd/dvd_disc_20000215.tar.gz">regionset | |
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193 tool</A> to set the region code of your DVD drive (under Linux). |
7934 | 194 <B>Warning:</B> You can only set the region 5 times.</P> |
1612 | 195 |
6878 | 196 |
7047 | 197 <H2><A NAME="vcd">4.3 VCD playback</A></H2> |
6878 | 198 |
7934 | 199 <P>For the complete list of available options, please read the man page. |
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200 The Syntax for a standard Video CD (VCD) is as follows:</P> |
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201 |
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202 <P><CODE>mplayer -vcd <track> [-cdrom-device <device>]</CODE></P> |
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203 |
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204 <P>Example: <CODE>mplayer -vcd 2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</CODE></P> |
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205 |
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206 <P>The default VCD device is <CODE>/dev/cdrom</CODE>. If your setup differs, |
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207 make a symlink or specify the correct device on the command line with the |
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208 <CODE>-cdrom-device</CODE> option.</P> |
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209 |
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210 <P><B>Note:</B> At least Plextor and some Toshiba SCSI CD-ROM drives have |
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211 horrible performance reading VCDs. This is because the the CDROMREADRAW ioctl |
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212 is not fully implemented for these drives. If you have some knowledge of SCSI |
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213 programming, please <A HREF="tech/patches.txt">help us</A> implement generic |
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214 SCSI support for VCDs.</P> |
6878 | 215 |
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216 <P>In the meantime you can extract data from VCDs with |
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217 <A HREF="http://140.132.1.204/OS/Linux/packages/X/viewers/readvcd/">readvcd</A> |
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218 and play the resulting file with MPlayer.</P> |
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219 |
7934 | 220 <H4>VCD structure</H4> |
6878 | 221 |
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222 <P>VCD disks consist of one or more tracks:</P> |
7934 | 223 |
6878 | 224 <UL> |
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225 <LI>The first track is a small 2048 bytes/sector data track with an iso9660 |
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226 filesystem, usually containing Windows VCD player programs and maybe other |
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227 information (images, text, etc).</LI> |
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228 <LI>The second and other tracks are raw 2324 bytes/sector MPEG (movie) tracks, |
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229 containing one MPEG PS data packet per sector instead of a filesystem. |
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230 Similar to audio CD tracks, these tracks <B>cannot be mounted</B> (Did you |
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231 ever mount an audio CD to play it?). As most movies are inside this track, |
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232 you should try <CODE>-vcd 2</CODE> first.</LI> |
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233 <LI>There exist VCD disks without the first track (single track and no |
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234 filesystem at all). They are still playable, but cannot be mounted.</LI> |
6878 | 235 </UL> |
236 | |
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237 <H4>About .DAT files:</H4> |
7934 | 238 |
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239 <P>The ~600 MB file visible on the first track of the mounted VCD is not a real |
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240 file! It is a so called ISO gateway, created to allow Windows to handle such |
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241 tracks (Windows does not allow raw device access to applications at all). |
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242 Under Linux you cannot copy or play such files (they contain garbage). Under |
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243 Windows it is possible as its iso9660 driver emulates the raw reading of |
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244 tracks in this file. To play a .DAT file you need the kernel driver which can |
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245 be found in the Linux version of PowerDVD. It has a modified iso9660 |
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246 filesystem (<CODE>vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o</CODE>) driver, which is able to emulate |
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247 the raw tracks through this shadow .DAT file. If you mount the disc using |
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248 their driver, you can copy and even play .DAT files with mplayer. But it |
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249 <B>will not work</B> with the standard iso9660 driver of the Linux kernel! |
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250 Use the <CODE>-vcd</CODE> option instead. Alternatives for VCD copying are |
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251 the new <A HREF="http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/~ronsse/cdfs/">cdfs</A> kernel |
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252 driver (not part of the official kernel) that shows CD <I>sessions</I> |
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253 as image files and <A HREF="http://cdrdao.sourceforge.net/">cdrdao</A>, a |
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254 bit-by-bit CD grabbing/copying application.</P> |
7934 | 255 |
1612 | 256 </BODY> |
257 </HTML> |