Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/encoding.html @ 7060:b14880a6cccb
new v4l capture patch by Jindrich Makovicka <makovick@kmlinux.fjfi.cvut.cz>:
- multithreaded audio/video buffering (I know mplayer crew hates threads
but it seems to me as the only way of doing reliable a/v capture)
- a/v timebase synchronization (sample count vs. gettimeofday)
- "immediate" mode support for mplayer
- fixed colorspace stuff - RGB?? and YUY2 modes now work as expected
- native ALSA audio capture
- separated audio input layer
author | arpi |
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date | Wed, 21 Aug 2002 22:50:40 +0000 |
parents | 93d385771dc9 |
children | 33624384dd7b |
rev | line source |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> |
2674 | 2 <HTML> |
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3 |
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4 <HEAD> |
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5 <TITLE>Encoding - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE> |
6391 | 6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"> |
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> |
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8 </HEAD> |
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9 |
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10 <BODY> |
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12 | |
7054 | 13 <H2><A NAME="encoding">2.4 Encoding with MEncoder</A><H2> |
2674 | 14 |
6974 | 15 |
2674 | 16 <P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder, |
6960 | 17 designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies |
18 (<B>AVI/ASF/OGG/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>) to other | |
19 MPlayer-playable formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like | |
20 <B>DivX4</B> (1 or 2 passes), libavcodec, | |
21 <B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBR MP3</B> audio. Also has powerful plugin system | |
22 for video manipulation.</P> | |
2674 | 23 |
6974 | 24 |
7054 | 25 <H3><A NAME="compilation">2.4.1 Compilation</A></H3> |
3721 | 26 |
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27 <UL> |
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28 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - read <B>MPlayer</B>'s compilation instruction.</LI> |
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29 <LI><B>OPTIONAL (LINUX ONLY)</B> - download the newest <B>DivX4linux</B> libs |
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30 from <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/download.htm">avifile.sourceforge.net</A>, |
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31 and have them PROPERLY installed. You need them if you want DivX4 |
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32 (1/2 pass) encoding.</LI> |
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33 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <A HREF="codecs.html#xvid">download and install |
6583 | 34 <B>XViD</B></A>. Not very useful, libavcodec's <I>mpeg4</I> codec |
35 can encode with much better speed AND quality than XViD or DivX4/5.</LI> | |
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36 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - for libavcodec support, install libavcodec as |
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37 described in the <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec section</A>.</LI> |
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38 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - download and compile <B>libmp3lame</B> (from lame 3.89beta or lame CVS).<BR> |
6575 | 39 <B>WARNING: DO NOT COMPILE LAME < 3.90 WITH <U>GCC 2.96</U>! It won't |
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40 work properly!</B><BR> |
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41 This |
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42 is needed for CBR/VBR MP3 audio encoding ability. Note that a single |
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43 <CODE>lame</CODE> binary isn't sufficient. BTW: the less optimization |
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44 you use for lame, the better the quality will be. You can test |
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45 quality by running <CODE>make test</CODE> after lame's compiling process |
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46 is over. The resulting number should be less than <B>30</B>. Don't |
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47 panic if it's <B>400</B> or so, you shouldn't heard any audible |
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48 quality decrease. Oh, and if your compiler doesn't even run <CODE>make test</CODE> ... |
6575 | 49 Well, delete that <B>GCC 2.96</B> or upgrade lame to at least <B>3.90</B>.</LI> |
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50 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> and <CODE>libpng</CODE> - |
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51 as described in the <A HREF="documentation.html#installation">Installation</A> |
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52 section</LI> |
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53 </UL> |
2674 | 54 |
55 <P>You are ready. As you probably know, other encoding tools need the | |
6960 | 56 <I>avifile</I> library installed. <B>MEncoder</B> doesn't need it at all.</P> |
2674 | 57 |
6974 | 58 |
7054 | 59 <H3><A NAME="features">2.4.2 MEncoder features</A></H3> |
3721 | 60 |
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61 <UL> |
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62 <LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of <B>MPlayer</B></LI> |
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63 <LI>encoding to all the codecs of ffmpeg's |
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64 <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A></LI> |
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65 <LI>video encoding from <B>V4L compatible TV tuners</B></LI> |
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66 <LI>encoding/multiplexing to interleaved AVI files with proper index</LI> |
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67 <LI>creating files from external audio stream</LI> |
7001 | 68 <LI>1, 2 or 3 pass encoding</LI> |
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69 <LI><B>VBR</B> MP3 audio - <B>IMPORTANT NOTE:</B> VBR MP3 audio doesn't |
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70 always play nicely on windows players! On the other hand, currently |
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71 <B>MEncoder</B>'s CBR encoding is totally broken on win32 players :)</LI> |
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72 <LI>PCM audio</LI> |
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73 <LI>stream copying</LI> |
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74 <LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI> |
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75 <LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding |
6960 | 76 29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI> |
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77 <LI>using our very powerful plugin system (crop, expand, flip, postprocess, |
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78 rotate, scale, rgb/yuv conversion)</LI> |
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79 <LI>can encode DVD/VOBsub <B>AND</B> text subtitles into the output file</LI> |
6711 | 80 <LI>can rip DVD subtitles to Vobsub format</LI> |
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81 </UL> |
2674 | 82 |
7047 | 83 <H4>Planned features:</H4> |
84 | |
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85 <UL> |
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86 <LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs |
6960 | 87 (creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI> |
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88 <LI>audio encoding from v4l (DONE for FreeBSD ?)</LI> |
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89 </UL> |
2674 | 90 |
6974 | 91 |
7054 | 92 <H4><A NAME="2pass">2.4.2.1 Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</A></H4> |
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93 |
6960 | 94 <P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method |
95 encodes the file <I>twice</I>. The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>) | |
96 creates some temporary files (*.log) with a size of few megabytes, do not | |
97 delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass | |
98 output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The | |
99 resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time | |
100 you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the | |
101 Net.</P> | |
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102 |
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103 <P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two |
6960 | 104 commands are needed:<BR> |
105 <CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which | |
106 can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
107 one)<BR> | |
108 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts | |
109 -vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR> | |
110 mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options | |
111 -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P> | |
4397 | 112 |
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113 <P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding, |
4397 | 114 where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables |
115 estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the | |
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116 audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P> |
4397 | 117 |
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118 <TABLE> |
6974 | 119 <TR> |
120 <TD><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></TD> | |
121 <TD><B>remove conflicting temporary file</B></TD> | |
122 </TR> | |
123 <TR> | |
124 <TD><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -ovc frameno -o | |
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125 frameno.avi</CODE></TD> |
6974 | 126 <TD><B><U>First pass:</U> an audio-only avi file will be created, containing |
127 ONLY the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>, if | |
128 you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, MEncoder prints | |
129 the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb destination | |
130 sizes, after this pass finishes.</B></TD> | |
131 </TR> | |
132 <TR> | |
133 <TD><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 1 | |
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134 -ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></TD> |
6974 | 135 <TD><B><U>Second pass:</U> alias the first pass of DivX4 video encoding. |
136 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of the | |
137 previous pass.</B></TD> | |
138 </TR> | |
139 <TR> | |
140 <TD><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 2 | |
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141 -ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></TD> |
6974 | 142 <TD><B><U>Third pass:</U> alias the second pass of DivX4 video encoding. |
143 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of the | |
144 previous pass. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> will be | |
145 inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</B></TD> | |
146 </TR> | |
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147 </TABLE> |
4397 | 148 |
7047 | 149 <H4>Example for 3-pass encoding:</H4> |
4397 | 150 |
151 <P><CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, | |
152 which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
153 one)<BR> | |
6960 | 154 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno |
155 -o frameno.avi<BR> | |
156 mencoder -dvd 2 | |
157 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR> | |
158 mencoder -dvd 2 | |
6974 | 159 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P> |
4397 | 160 |
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161 <P><U><B>2 or 3-pass encoding using internal libavcodec controller:</B></U> |
6960 | 162 Optionally you can use libavcodec's internal 2 or 3-pass mode, it may give |
163 you better final rate accuracy than using the external, DivX4-inspired 2-pass | |
164 rate controler with libavcodec.</P> | |
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165 |
5811 | 166 <UL> |
6960 | 167 <LI><B>2-pass encoding:</B><BR> |
168 <CODE>rm -f lavc_stats.txt<BR> | |
169 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 (audio-options) -o | |
170 movie.avi<BR> | |
171 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 (audio-options) -o | |
172 movie.avi</CODE></LI> | |
173 <LI><B>3-pass encoding:</B><BR> | |
174 <CODE>rm -f frameno.avi lavc_stats.txt<BR> | |
175 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno (audio-options) -o frameno.avi<BR> | |
176 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o | |
177 movie.avi<BR> | |
178 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o | |
179 movie.avi</CODE></LI> | |
5811 | 180 </UL> |
2868 | 181 |
6974 | 182 |
7054 | 183 <H4><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.2.2 Rescaling movies</A></H4> |
3438 | 184 |
185 <P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be many, | |
186 examples are decreasing output file size, encoding SVCDs to DivX. Ripped DVDs | |
187 are mostly rescaled, for example a 4:3 DVD should be 640x480, especially | |
188 when you want it to fit to 1 CD, and have good quality at the same time. | |
189 SVCDs have 480x480 size, and their header contains the aspect ratio the | |
190 player should use (Ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to | |
191 AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this | |
192 value. Thus, the only solution is rescaling.</P> | |
193 | |
5968 | 194 <P>The scaling process is handled by the <I>'scale'</I> video filter: |
195 <CODE>-vop scale=X:Y</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the | |
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196 <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, <B>MEncoder</B> will use 0: |
5968 | 197 fast bilinear.</P> |
3438 | 198 |
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199 <P>Usage:<BR> |
6960 | 200 <CODE> mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -lavcopts |
201 vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -o | |
202 output.avi</CODE></P> | |
3438 | 203 |
4680 | 204 |
7054 | 205 <H4><A NAME="copying">2.4.2.3 Stream copying</A></H4> |
2868 | 206 |
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207 <P><B>MEncoder</B> can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or |
3438 | 208 <B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P> |
2868 | 209 |
3438 | 210 <UL> |
6960 | 211 <LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be |
212 done :)<BR> | |
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213 Like, putting (not converting) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into |
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214 an AVI file. Of course only <B>MPlayer</B> can play such files :) And it |
6960 | 215 probably has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying |
216 can be useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded | |
217 (like, uncompressed PCM to MP3).</LI> | |
3438 | 218 |
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219 <LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward. |
6960 | 220 It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, Vorbis) and mux it |
221 into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile <filename></CODE> | |
222 option for this.</LI> | |
3438 | 223 </UL> |
224 | |
4680 | 225 |
7054 | 226 <H4><A NAME="fixing">2.4.2.4 Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></H4> |
3583 | 227 |
228 <P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and | |
6960 | 229 <B>MEncoder</B> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs |
230 in the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken | |
231 interleaving, thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them | |
232 anymore.</P> | |
3583 | 233 |
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234 <P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
3583 | 235 |
3721 | 236 |
7054 | 237 <H4><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.2.5 Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></H4> |
3721 | 238 |
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239 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a |
6960 | 240 lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are |
241 unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P> | |
3721 | 242 |
243 <UL> | |
244 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI> | |
3774 | 245 <LI>h263 - H263</LI> |
3721 | 246 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI> |
247 <LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI> | |
248 <LI>msmpeg4 - the old DivX</LI> | |
5973 | 249 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - Micro$oft MPEG4 V2 (DivX alias MP43 predecessor)</LI> |
3721 | 250 <LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI> |
251 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI> | |
252 </UL> | |
253 | |
254 <P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the | |
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255 <CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P> |
3721 | 256 |
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257 <P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR> |
6960 | 258 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc |
259 -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P> | |
3912 | 260 |
4680 | 261 |
7054 | 262 <H4><A NAME="image_files">2.4.2.6 Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs or PNGs)</A></H4> |
4919 | 263 |
264 <P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG or PNG | |
265 files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG (Motion JPEG) or MPNG | |
266 (Motion PNG) files.</P> | |
267 | |
7047 | 268 <H4>Explanation of the process</H4> |
4919 | 269 |
5066 | 270 <P><B>MEncoder</B> <I>decodes</I> the input image(s) with <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> |
6974 | 271 (when decoding PNGs, it will use <B>libpng</B>).</P> |
4919 | 272 |
273 <P><B>MEncoder</B> then feeds the decoded image to the chosen video compressor | |
274 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Watch for the PNG decoder, as | |
275 currently it can output only to RGB formats, thus can't be used with codecs | |
276 that require YUV as input, like DivX4 or ffmpeg's msmpeg4.</P> | |
277 | |
7047 | 278 <H4>Examples</H4> |
4919 | 279 |
280 <P>The explanation of the <CODE>-mf</CODE> option can be found below in the | |
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281 global <A HREF="#options">Options</A> section and in the man page.</P> |
4919 | 282 |
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283 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
6154 | 284 <CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o |
4919 | 285 output.avi</CODE></P> |
286 | |
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287 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from some JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
5378 | 288 <CODE>mencoder frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o |
289 output.avi</CODE></P> | |
290 | |
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291 <P><I>Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
4919 | 292 <CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy |
293 -o output.avi</CODE></P> | |
294 | |
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295 <P><I>Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
4919 | 296 <CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -o |
297 output.avi</CODE></P> | |
298 | |
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299 <P><I>Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
4919 | 300 <CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy |
301 -o output.avi</CODE></P> | |
302 | |
303 | |
7054 | 304 <H4><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.2.7 Extracting DVD subtitles to Vobsub file</A></H4> |
6711 | 305 |
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306 <P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into |
6960 | 307 Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in |
308 <CODE>.idx</CODE> and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single | |
309 <CODE>.rar</CODE> archive. <B>MPlayer</B> can play these with the | |
310 <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P> | |
6711 | 311 |
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312 <P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or |
6960 | 313 <CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> |
314 and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with | |
315 <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P> | |
6711 | 316 |
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317 <P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to |
6960 | 318 indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting |
319 <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
6711 | 320 |
6960 | 321 <P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> |
322 file you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know | |
323 what language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
6711 | 324 |
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325 <P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and |
6960 | 326 <CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before |
327 starting.</P> | |
6711 | 328 |
7047 | 329 <H4>Examples</H4> |
6711 | 330 |
331 <P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR> | |
6960 | 332 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
333 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 | |
334 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno</CODE><BR> | |
335 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1</CODE><BR> | |
336 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout | |
337 subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P> | |
6711 | 338 |
339 <P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR> | |
6960 | 340 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
341 <CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles | |
342 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P> | |
6711 | 343 |
7047 | 344 |
7054 | 345 <H3><A NAME="options">2.4.3 Available options</A></H3> |
4680 | 346 |
7048 | 347 <P>For the complete list of available <B>MEncoder</B> options and examples, please |
348 see the man page.</P> | |
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349 |
2674 | 350 </BODY> |
351 </HTML> |