Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/en/usage.xml @ 32467:fbe5c829c69b
Move libvo/sub.[ch] from libvo to sub.
author | cigaes |
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date | Wed, 27 Oct 2010 17:47:13 +0000 |
parents | 8c86a5423166 |
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20535 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
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2 <!-- $Revision$ --> |
9675 | 3 <chapter id="usage"> |
4 <title>Usage</title> | |
5 | |
6 <sect1 id="commandline"> | |
7 <title>Command line</title> | |
8 | |
9 <para> | |
25118 | 10 <application>MPlayer</application> utilizes a complex playtree. Options passed |
11 on the command line can apply to all files/URLs or just to specific ones | |
12 depending on their position. For example | |
13 <screen>mplayer -vfm ffmpeg movie1.avi movie2.avi</screen> | |
14 will use FFmpeg decoders for both files, but | |
21521 | 15 <screen> |
25118 | 16 mplayer -vfm ffmpeg <replaceable>movie1.avi</replaceable> <replaceable>movie2.avi</replaceable> -vfm dmo |
21521 | 17 </screen> |
25118 | 18 will play the second file with a DMO decoder. |
9675 | 19 </para> |
20 | |
21 <para> | |
22 You can group filenames/URLs together using <literal>{</literal> and | |
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23 <literal>}</literal>. It is useful with option <option>-loop</option>: |
10643 | 24 <screen>mplayer { 1.avi -loop 2 2.avi } -loop 3</screen> |
9675 | 25 The above command will play files in this order: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2. |
26 </para> | |
27 | |
28 <para> | |
29 Playing a file: | |
30 <synopsis> | |
31 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
32 --> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
33 --> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename</replaceable> | |
34 </synopsis> | |
35 </para> | |
36 | |
37 <para> | |
15463 | 38 Another way to play a file: |
39 <synopsis> | |
40 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
41 --> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
42 --> <replaceable>file:///uri-escaped-path</replaceable> | |
43 </synopsis> | |
44 </para> | |
45 | |
46 <para> | |
9675 | 47 Playing more files: |
48 <synopsis> | |
49 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
50 --> [<replaceable>default options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
51 --> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename1</replaceable><!-- | |
52 --> [<replaceable>options for filename1</replaceable>]<!-- | |
53 --> <replaceable>filename2</replaceable><!-- | |
54 --> [<replaceable>options for filename2</replaceable>] ... | |
55 </synopsis> | |
56 </para> | |
57 | |
58 <para> | |
59 Playing VCD: | |
60 <synopsis> | |
61 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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62 --> vcd://<replaceable>trackno</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 63 --> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/cdrom</replaceable>] |
64 </synopsis> | |
65 </para> | |
66 | |
67 <para> | |
68 Playing DVD: | |
69 <synopsis> | |
70 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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71 --> dvd://<replaceable>titleno</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 72 --> [-dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/dvd</replaceable>] |
73 </synopsis> | |
74 </para> | |
75 | |
76 <para> | |
77 Playing from the WWW: | |
78 <synopsis> | |
79 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
80 --> http://<replaceable>site.com/file.asf</replaceable> | |
81 </synopsis> | |
82 (playlists can be used, too) | |
83 </para> | |
84 | |
85 <para> | |
86 Playing from RTSP: | |
87 <synopsis> | |
88 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
89 --> rtsp://<replaceable>server.example.com/streamName</replaceable> | |
90 </synopsis> | |
91 </para> | |
92 | |
93 <para> | |
94 Examples: | |
95 <screen> | |
11713 | 96 mplayer -vo x11 <replaceable>/mnt/Films/Contact/contact2.mpg</replaceable> |
12833 | 97 mplayer vcd://<replaceable>2</replaceable> -cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> |
11713 | 98 mplayer -afm 3 <replaceable>/mnt/DVDtrailers/alien4.vob</replaceable> |
99 mplayer dvd://<replaceable>1</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> | |
100 mplayer -abs 65536 -delay -0.4 -nobps <replaceable>~/movies/test.avi</replaceable><!-- | |
9675 | 101 --></screen> |
102 </para> | |
103 </sect1> | |
104 | |
105 | |
21521 | 106 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
107 | |
108 | |
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109 <sect1 id="subosd"> |
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110 <title>Subtitles and OSD</title> |
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111 |
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112 <para> |
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113 <application>MPlayer</application> can display subtitles along with movie files. |
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114 Currently the following formats are supported: |
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115 <itemizedlist> |
21521 | 116 <listitem><para>VOBsub</para></listitem> |
117 <listitem><para>OGM</para></listitem> | |
118 <listitem><para>CC (closed caption)</para></listitem> | |
119 <listitem><para>MicroDVD</para></listitem> | |
120 <listitem><para>SubRip</para></listitem> | |
121 <listitem><para>SubViewer</para></listitem> | |
122 <listitem><para>Sami</para></listitem> | |
123 <listitem><para>VPlayer</para></listitem> | |
124 <listitem><para>RT</para></listitem> | |
125 <listitem><para>SSA</para></listitem> | |
126 <listitem><para>PJS (Phoenix Japanimation Society)</para></listitem> | |
127 <listitem><para>MPsub</para></listitem> | |
128 <listitem><para>AQTitle</para></listitem> | |
129 <listitem><para> | |
130 <ulink url="http://unicorn.us.com/jacosub/">JACOsub</ulink> | |
131 </para></listitem> | |
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132 </itemizedlist> |
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133 </para> |
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134 |
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135 <para> |
21521 | 136 <application>MPlayer</application> can dump the previously listed subtitle |
137 formats (<emphasis role="bold">except the three first</emphasis>) into the | |
138 following destination formats, with the given options: | |
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139 <itemizedlist> |
21521 | 140 <listitem><para>MPsub: <option>-dumpmpsub</option></para></listitem> |
141 <listitem><para>SubRip: <option>-dumpsrtsub</option></para></listitem> | |
142 <listitem><para>MicroDVD: <option>-dumpmicrodvdsub</option></para></listitem> | |
143 <listitem><para>JACOsub: <option>-dumpjacosub</option></para></listitem> | |
144 <listitem><para>Sami: <option>-dumpsami</option></para></listitem> | |
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145 </itemizedlist> |
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146 </para> |
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147 |
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148 <para> |
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149 <application>MEncoder</application> can dump DVD subtitles into |
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150 <link linkend="menc-feat-extractsub">VOBsub</link> format. |
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151 </para> |
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152 |
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153 <para> |
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154 The command line options differ slightly for the different formats: |
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155 </para> |
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156 |
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157 <formalpara> |
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158 <title>VOBsub subtitles</title> |
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159 <para> |
21521 | 160 VOBsub subtitles consist of a big (some megabytes) <filename>.SUB</filename> |
161 file, and optional <filename>.IDX</filename> and/or <filename>.IFO</filename> | |
162 files. If you have files like | |
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163 <filename><replaceable>sample.sub</replaceable></filename>, |
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164 <filename><replaceable>sample.ifo</replaceable></filename> (optional), |
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165 <filename><replaceable>sample.idx</replaceable></filename> - you have to pass |
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166 <application>MPlayer</application> the <option>-vobsub sample |
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167 [-vobsubid <replaceable>id</replaceable>]</option> options |
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168 (full path optional). The <option>-vobsubid</option> option is like |
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169 <option>-sid</option> for DVDs, you can choose between subtitle tracks |
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170 (languages) with it. In case that <option>-vobsubid</option> is omitted, |
20433 | 171 <application>MPlayer</application> will try to use the languages given by the |
21521 | 172 <option>-slang</option> option and fall back to the |
173 <systemitem>langidx</systemitem> in the <filename>.IDX</filename> file to set | |
174 the subtitle language. If it fails, there will be no subtitles. | |
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175 </para> |
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176 </formalpara> |
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177 |
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178 <formalpara> |
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179 <title>Other subtitles</title> |
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180 <para> |
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181 The other formats consist of a single text file containing timing, |
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182 placement and text information. Usage: If you have a file like |
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183 <filename><replaceable>sample.txt</replaceable></filename>, |
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184 you have to pass the option <option>-sub |
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185 <replaceable>sample.txt</replaceable></option> (full path optional). |
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186 </para> |
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187 </formalpara> |
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188 |
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189 <variablelist> |
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190 <title>Adjusting subtitle timing and placement:</title> |
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191 <varlistentry> |
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192 <term><option>-subdelay <replaceable>sec</replaceable></option></term> |
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193 <listitem><para> |
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194 Delays subtitles by <option><replaceable>sec</replaceable></option> seconds. |
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195 Can be negative. The value is added to movie's time position counter. |
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196 </para></listitem> |
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197 </varlistentry> |
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198 <varlistentry> |
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199 <term><option>-subfps <replaceable>RATE</replaceable></option></term> |
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200 <listitem><para> |
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201 Specify frame/sec rate of subtitle file (float number). |
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202 </para></listitem> |
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203 </varlistentry> |
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204 <varlistentry> |
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205 <term><option>-subpos <replaceable>0-100</replaceable></option></term> |
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206 <listitem><para> |
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207 Specify the position of subtitles. |
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208 </para></listitem> |
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209 </varlistentry> |
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210 </variablelist> |
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211 |
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212 <para> |
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213 If you experience a growing delay between the movie and the subtitles when |
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214 using a MicroDVD subtitle file, most likely the framerate of the movie and |
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215 the subtitle file are different. Please note that the MicroDVD subtitle |
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216 format uses absolute frame numbers for its timing, but there is no fps |
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217 information in it, and therefore the <option>-subfps</option> option should |
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218 be used with this format. If you like to solve this problem permanently, |
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219 you have to manually convert the subtitle file framerate. |
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220 <application>MPlayer</application> can do this |
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221 conversion for you: |
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222 |
21521 | 223 <screen> |
224 mplayer -dumpmicrodvdsub -fps <replaceable>subtitles_fps</replaceable> -subfps <replaceable>avi_fps</replaceable> \ | |
225 -sub <replaceable>subtitle_filename</replaceable> <replaceable>dummy.avi</replaceable> | |
226 </screen> | |
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227 </para> |
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228 |
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229 <para> |
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230 About DVD subtitles, read the <link linkend="dvd">DVD</link> section. |
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231 </para> |
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232 </sect1> |
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233 |
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234 |
21521 | 235 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
236 | |
237 | |
9675 | 238 <sect1 id="control"> |
239 <title>Control</title> | |
240 | |
241 <para> | |
242 <application>MPlayer</application> has a fully configurable, command | |
243 driven, control layer which lets you control | |
244 <application>MPlayer</application> with keyboard, mouse, joystick or remote | |
245 control (using LIRC). See the man page for the complete list of keyboard controls. | |
246 </para> | |
247 | |
21521 | 248 <!-- ********** --> |
9675 | 249 |
250 <sect2 id="ctrl-cfg"> | |
251 <title>Controls configuration</title> | |
252 | |
253 <para> | |
254 <application>MPlayer</application> allows you bind any key/button to any | |
11540 | 255 <application>MPlayer</application> command using a simple config file. |
256 The syntax consist of a key name followed by a command. The default config file location is | |
9675 | 257 <filename>$HOME/.mplayer/input.conf</filename> but it can be overridden |
258 using the <option>-input <replaceable>conf</replaceable></option> option | |
259 (relative path are relative to <filename>$HOME/.mplayer</filename>). | |
260 </para> | |
261 | |
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262 <para> |
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263 You can get a full list of supported key names by running |
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264 <command>mplayer -input keylist</command> |
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265 and a full list of available commands by running |
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266 <command>mplayer -input cmdlist</command>. |
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267 </para> |
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268 |
20035 | 269 <example id="input_control_file"> |
9675 | 270 <title>A simple input control file</title> |
271 <programlisting> | |
272 ## | |
273 ## MPlayer input control file | |
274 ## | |
275 | |
276 RIGHT seek +10 | |
277 LEFT seek -10 | |
278 - audio_delay 0.100 | |
279 + audio_delay -0.100 | |
280 q quit | |
281 > pt_step 1 | |
282 < pt_step -1 | |
283 ENTER pt_step 1 1<!-- | |
284 --></programlisting> | |
285 </example> | |
286 </sect2> | |
287 | |
21521 | 288 <!-- ********** --> |
9675 | 289 |
290 <sect2 id="lirc"> | |
291 <title>Control from LIRC</title> | |
292 | |
293 <para> | |
26958 | 294 Linux Infrared Remote Control - use an easy to build home-brewed IR-receiver, |
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295 an (almost) arbitrary remote control and control your Linux box with it! |
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296 More about it on the <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org">LIRC homepage</ulink>. |
9675 | 297 </para> |
298 | |
299 <para> | |
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300 If you have the LIRC package installed, <filename>configure</filename> will |
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301 autodetect it. If everything went fine, <application>MPlayer</application> |
21596 | 302 will print "<systemitem>Setting up LIRC support...</systemitem>" |
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303 on startup. If an error occurs it will tell you. If there is no message about |
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304 LIRC there is no support compiled in. That's it :-) |
9675 | 305 </para> |
306 | |
307 <para> | |
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308 The application name for <application>MPlayer</application> is - surprise - |
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309 <filename>mplayer</filename>. You can use any <application>MPlayer</application> |
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310 commands and even pass more than one command by separating them with |
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311 <literal>\n</literal>. |
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312 Do not forget to enable the repeat flag in <filename>.lircrc</filename> when |
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313 it makes sense (seek, volume, etc). Here is an excerpt from a sample |
9675 | 314 <filename>.lircrc</filename>: |
315 </para> | |
316 | |
317 <programlisting> | |
318 begin | |
319 button = VOLUME_PLUS | |
320 prog = mplayer | |
321 config = volume 1 | |
322 repeat = 1 | |
323 end | |
324 | |
325 begin | |
326 button = VOLUME_MINUS | |
327 prog = mplayer | |
328 config = volume -1 | |
329 repeat = 1 | |
330 end | |
331 | |
332 begin | |
333 button = CD_PLAY | |
334 prog = mplayer | |
335 config = pause | |
336 end | |
337 | |
338 begin | |
339 button = CD_STOP | |
340 prog = mplayer | |
341 config = seek 0 1\npause | |
342 end<!-- | |
343 --></programlisting> | |
344 | |
345 <para> | |
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346 If you do not like the standard location for the lirc-config file |
9675 | 347 (<filename>~/.lircrc</filename>) use the <option>-lircconf |
348 <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> switch to specify another | |
349 file. | |
350 </para> | |
351 </sect2> | |
352 | |
21521 | 353 <!-- ********** --> |
9675 | 354 |
355 <sect2 id="slave-mode"> | |
356 <title>Slave mode</title> | |
21521 | 357 |
9675 | 358 <para> |
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359 The slave mode allows you to build simple frontends to |
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360 <application>MPlayer</application>. When run with the |
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361 <option>-slave</option> option <application>MPlayer</application> will |
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362 read commands separated by a newline (\n) from stdin. |
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363 The commands are documented in the |
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364 <ulink url="../../tech/slave.txt">slave.txt</ulink> file. |
9675 | 365 </para> |
366 </sect2> | |
367 </sect1> | |
368 | |
21521 | 369 |
370 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
371 | |
9675 | 372 |
373 <sect1 id="streaming"> | |
374 <title>Streaming from network or pipes</title> | |
375 | |
376 <para> | |
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377 <application>MPlayer</application> can play files from the network, using the |
10755 | 378 HTTP, FTP, MMS or RTSP/RTP protocol. |
9675 | 379 </para> |
380 | |
381 <para> | |
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382 Playing works simply by passing the URL on the command line. |
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383 <application>MPlayer</application> honors the <envar>http_proxy</envar> |
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384 environment variable, using a proxy if available. Proxies can also be forced: |
21732 | 385 <screen> |
386 mplayer <replaceable>http_proxy://proxy.micorsops.com:3128/http://micorsops.com:80/stream.asf</replaceable> | |
387 </screen> | |
9675 | 388 </para> |
389 | |
390 <para> | |
391 <application>MPlayer</application> can read from stdin | |
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392 (<emphasis>not</emphasis> named pipes). This can for example be used to |
9675 | 393 play from FTP: |
21732 | 394 <screen> |
395 wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer - | |
396 </screen> | |
9675 | 397 </para> |
398 | |
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399 <note><para> |
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400 It is also recommended to enable <option>-cache</option> when playing |
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401 from the network: |
21732 | 402 <screen> |
403 wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -cache 8192 - | |
404 </screen> | |
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405 </para></note> |
15499 | 406 |
21521 | 407 <!-- ********** --> |
408 | |
15499 | 409 <sect2 id="streaming-save"> |
410 <title>Saving streamed content</title> | |
21521 | 411 |
15499 | 412 <para> |
21521 | 413 Once you succeed in making <application>MPlayer</application> play |
414 your favorite internet stream, you can use the option | |
415 <option>-dumpstream</option> to save the stream into a file. | |
416 For example: | |
15499 | 417 <screen> |
21521 | 418 mplayer <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> -dumpstream -dumpfile <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable> |
15499 | 419 </screen> |
21521 | 420 will save the content streamed from |
421 <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> into | |
422 <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable>. | |
423 This works with all protocols supported by | |
26958 | 424 <application>MPlayer</application>, like MMS, RTSP, and so forth. |
15499 | 425 </para> |
426 </sect2> | |
21521 | 427 </sect1> |
15499 | 428 |
21521 | 429 |
430 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
431 | |
9966 | 432 |
31889 | 433 <sect1 id="dvd"> |
434 <title>DVD playback</title> | |
435 | |
436 <para> | |
437 For the complete list of available options, please read the man page. | |
438 The syntax to play a standard DVD is as follows: | |
439 <screen> | |
440 mplayer dvd://<replaceable><track></replaceable> [-dvd-device <replaceable><device></replaceable>] | |
441 </screen> | |
442 </para> | |
443 | |
444 <para> | |
445 Example: | |
446 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/hdc</screen> | |
447 </para> | |
448 | |
449 <para> | |
450 If you have compiled <application>MPlayer</application> with dvdnav support, the | |
451 syntax is the same, except that you need to use dvdnav:// instead of dvd://. | |
452 </para> | |
453 | |
454 <para> | |
455 The default DVD device is <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>. If your setup | |
456 differs, make a symlink or specify the correct device on the command | |
457 line with the <option>-dvd-device</option> option. | |
458 </para> | |
459 | |
460 <para> | |
461 <application>MPlayer</application> uses <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> and | |
462 <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> for DVD playback and decryption. These two | |
463 libraries are contained in the | |
464 <application>MPlayer</application> source tree, you do not have | |
465 to install them separately. You can also use system-wide versions of the two | |
466 libraries, but this solution is not recommended, as it can result in bugs, | |
467 library incompatibilities and slower speed. | |
468 </para> | |
469 | |
470 <note><para> | |
471 In case of DVD decoding problems, try disabling supermount, or any other such | |
472 facilities. Some RPC-2 drives may also require setting the region code. | |
473 </para></note> | |
474 | |
475 <formalpara> | |
476 <title>DVD decryption</title> | |
477 <para> | |
478 DVD decryption is done by <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem>. The method | |
479 can be specified through the <envar>DVDCSS_METHOD</envar> environment | |
480 variable, see the manual page for details. | |
481 </para> | |
482 </formalpara> | |
483 | |
484 <!-- ********** --> | |
485 | |
486 <sect2 id="region_code"> | |
487 <title>region code</title> | |
488 <para> | |
489 DVD drives nowadays come with a nonsensical restriction labeled | |
490 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD_region_code">region code</ulink>. | |
491 This is a scheme to force DVD drives to only accept DVDs produced for one of | |
492 the six different regions into which the world was partitioned. How a group | |
493 of people can sit around a table, come up with such an idea and expect the | |
494 world of the 21st century to bow to their will is beyond anyone's guess. | |
495 </para> | |
496 | |
497 <para> | |
498 Drives that enforce region settings through software only are also known as | |
499 RPC-1 drives, those that do it in hardware as RPC-2. RPC-2 drives allow | |
500 changing the region code five times before it remains fixed. | |
501 Under Linux you can use the | |
502 <ulink url="http://linvdr.org/projects/regionset/">regionset</ulink> tool | |
503 to set the region code of your DVD drive. | |
504 </para> | |
505 | |
506 <para> | |
507 Thankfully, it is possible to convert RPC-2 drives into RPC-1 drives through | |
508 a firmware upgrade. Feed the model number of your DVD drive into your favorite | |
509 search engine or have a look at the forum and download sections of | |
510 <ulink url="http://www.rpc1.org/">"The firmware page"</ulink>. | |
511 While the usual caveats for firmware upgrades apply, experience with | |
512 getting rid of region code enforcement is generally positive. | |
513 </para> | |
514 </sect2> | |
515 </sect1> | |
516 | |
517 | |
518 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
519 | |
520 | |
521 <sect1 id="vcd"> | |
522 <title>VCD playback</title> | |
523 | |
524 <para> | |
525 For the complete list of available options, please read the man page. The | |
526 Syntax for a standard Video CD (VCD) is as follows: | |
527 <screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable><track></replaceable> [-cdrom-device <replaceable><device></replaceable>]</screen> | |
528 Example: | |
529 <screen>mplayer vcd://2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</screen> | |
530 The default VCD device is <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>. If your setup | |
531 differs, make a symlink or specify the correct device on the command line | |
532 with the <option>-cdrom-device</option> option. | |
533 </para> | |
534 | |
535 <note><para> | |
536 At least Plextor and some Toshiba SCSI CD-ROM drives have horrible performance | |
537 reading VCDs. This is because the CDROMREADRAW <systemitem>ioctl</systemitem> | |
538 is not fully implemented for these drives. If you have some knowledge of SCSI | |
539 programming, please <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">help us</ulink> | |
540 implement generic SCSI support for VCDs. | |
541 </para></note> | |
542 | |
543 <para> | |
544 In the meantime you can extract data from VCDs with | |
545 <ulink url="http://ftp.ntut.edu.tw/ftp/OS/Linux/packages/X/viewers/readvcd/">readvcd</ulink> | |
546 and play the resulting file with <application>MPlayer</application>. | |
547 </para> | |
548 | |
549 <formalpara> | |
550 <title>VCD structure</title> | |
551 <para> | |
552 A Video CD (VCD) is made up of CD-ROM XA sectors, i.e. CD-ROM mode 2 | |
553 form 1 and 2 tracks: | |
554 <itemizedlist> | |
555 <listitem><para> | |
556 The first track is in mode 2 form 2 format which means it uses L2 | |
557 error correction. The track contains an ISO-9660 file system with 2048 | |
558 bytes/sector. This file system contains VCD metadata information, as | |
559 well as still frames often used in menus. MPEG segments for menus can | |
560 also be stored in this first track, but the MPEGs have to be broken up | |
561 into a series of 150-sector chunks. The ISO-9660 file system may | |
562 contain other files or programs that are not essential for VCD | |
563 operation. | |
564 </para></listitem> | |
565 | |
566 <listitem><para> | |
567 The second and remaining tracks are generally raw 2324 bytes/sector | |
568 MPEG (movie) tracks, containing one MPEG PS data packet per | |
569 sector. These are in mode 2 form 1 format, so they store more data per | |
570 sector at the loss of some error correction. It is also legal to have | |
571 CD-DA tracks in a VCD after the first track as well. | |
572 On some operating systems there is some trickery that goes on to make | |
573 these non-ISO-9660 tracks appear in a file system. On other operating | |
574 systems like GNU/Linux this is not the case (yet). Here the MPEG data | |
575 <emphasis role="bold">cannot be mounted</emphasis>. As most movies are | |
576 inside this kind of track, you should try <option>vcd://2</option> | |
577 first. | |
578 </para></listitem> | |
579 | |
580 <listitem><para> | |
581 There exist VCD disks without the first track (single track and no file system | |
582 at all). They are still playable, but cannot be mounted. | |
583 </para></listitem> | |
584 | |
585 <listitem><para> | |
586 The definition of the Video CD standard is called the | |
587 Philips "White Book" and it is not generally available online as it | |
588 must be purchased from Philips. More detailed information about Video | |
589 CDs can be found in the | |
590 <ulink url="http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/manuals/0.7/vcdimager.html#SEC4">vcdimager documentation</ulink>. | |
591 </para></listitem> | |
592 </itemizedlist> | |
593 </para> | |
594 </formalpara> | |
595 | |
596 <formalpara> | |
597 <title>About .DAT files</title> | |
598 <para> | |
599 The ~600 MB file visible on the first track of the mounted VCD is not a real | |
600 file! It is a so called ISO gateway, created to allow Windows to handle such | |
601 tracks (Windows does not allow raw device access to applications at all). | |
602 Under Linux you cannot copy or play such files (they contain garbage). Under | |
603 Windows it is possible as its iso9660 driver emulates the raw reading of | |
604 tracks in this file. To play a .DAT file you need the kernel driver which can | |
605 be found in the Linux version of PowerDVD. It has a modified iso9660 file system | |
606 (<filename>vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o</filename>) driver, which is able to emulate the | |
607 raw tracks through this shadow .DAT file. If you mount the disc using their | |
608 driver, you can copy and even play .DAT files with | |
609 <application>MPlayer</application>. But it will not | |
610 work with the standard iso9660 driver of the Linux kernel! Use | |
611 <option>vcd://</option> instead. Alternatives for VCD copying are the | |
612 new <ulink url="http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/~ronsse/cdfs/">cdfs</ulink> kernel | |
613 driver (not part of the official kernel) that shows CD sessions as image files | |
614 and <ulink url="http://cdrdao.sf.net/">cdrdao</ulink>, a bit-by-bit | |
615 CD grabbing/copying application. | |
616 </para> | |
617 </formalpara> | |
618 </sect1> | |
619 | |
620 | |
621 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
622 | |
623 | |
11786 | 624 <sect1 id="edl" xreflabel="Edit Decision Lists (EDL)"> |
625 <title>Edit Decision Lists (EDL)</title> | |
626 | |
627 <para> | |
628 The edit decision list (EDL) system allows you to automatically skip | |
629 or mute sections of videos during playback, based on a movie specific | |
630 EDL configuration file. | |
631 </para> | |
632 | |
633 <para> | |
634 This is useful for those who may want to watch a film in "family-friendly" | |
635 mode. You can cut out any violence, profanity, Jar-Jar Binks .. from a movie | |
636 according to your own personal preferences. Aside from this, there are other | |
637 uses, like automatically skipping over commercials in video files you watch. | |
638 </para> | |
639 | |
640 <para> | |
18959 | 641 The EDL file format is pretty bare-bones. There is one command per line that |
642 indicates what to do (skip/mute) and when to do it (using pts in seconds). | |
11786 | 643 </para> |
644 | |
21521 | 645 <!-- ********** --> |
646 | |
11786 | 647 <sect2 id="edl_using"> |
648 <title>Using an EDL file</title> | |
21521 | 649 |
11786 | 650 <para> |
651 Include the <option>-edl <filename></option> flag when you run | |
652 <application>MPlayer</application>, with the name of the EDL file you | |
653 want applied to the video. | |
654 </para> | |
655 </sect2> | |
656 | |
21521 | 657 <!-- ********** --> |
658 | |
11786 | 659 <sect2 id="edl_making"> |
660 <title>Making an EDL file</title> | |
21521 | 661 |
11786 | 662 <para> |
663 The current EDL file format is: | |
21521 | 664 <programlisting>[begin second] [end second] [action]</programlisting> |
11786 | 665 Where the seconds are floating-point numbers and the action is either |
666 <literal>0</literal> for skip or <literal>1</literal> for mute. Example: | |
667 <programlisting> | |
668 5.3 7.1 0 | |
669 15 16.7 1 | |
670 420 422 0 | |
671 </programlisting> | |
672 This will skip from second 5.3 to second 7.1 of the video, then mute at | |
673 15 seconds, unmute at 16.7 seconds and skip from second 420 to second 422 | |
674 of the video. These actions will be performed when the playback timer | |
675 reaches the times given in the file. | |
676 </para> | |
677 | |
678 <para> | |
21521 | 679 To create an EDL file to work from, use the <option>-edlout |
680 <filename></option> flag. During playback, just hit <keycap>i</keycap> to | |
681 mark the beginning and end of a skip block. | |
682 A corresponding entry will be written to the file for that time. | |
683 You can then go back and fine-tune the generated EDL file as well as | |
18912 | 684 change the default operation which is to skip the block described by each line. |
11786 | 685 </para> |
686 </sect2> | |
21521 | 687 </sect1> |
11786 | 688 |
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689 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
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690 |
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691 <sect1 id="networksync" xreflabel="Network Synchronized Playback"> |
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692 <title>Synchronized playback over a network</title> |
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693 |
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694 <para> |
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695 Multiple instances of <application>MPlayer</application> can synchronize |
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696 playback over a network. This is useful for creating "video walls" with |
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697 multiple screens controlled by different computers. Each |
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698 <application>MPlayer</application> instance can |
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699 play a different video, but they all will try to stay at the same time offset |
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700 in the file. It is recommended but not necessary to encode the video files |
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701 using the same codec and parameters. |
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702 </para> |
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703 |
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704 <para>The relevant options are <option>-udp-master</option>, |
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705 <option>-udp-slave</option>, <option>-udp-ip</option>, |
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706 <option>-udp-port</option>, and <option>-udp-seek-threshold</option>. |
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707 </para> |
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708 |
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709 <para> |
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710 If <option>-udp-master</option> is given, <application>MPlayer</application> |
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711 sends a datagram to <option>-udp-ip</option> (default: 127.0.0.1) |
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712 on <option>-udp-port</option> (default: 23867) just before playing each frame. |
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713 The datagram indicates the master's position in the file. If |
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714 <option>-udp-slave</option> is given, <application>MPlayer</application> listens on |
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715 <option>-udp-ip</option>/<option>-udp-port</option> |
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716 and matches the master's position. Setting <option>-udp-ip</option> to the |
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717 master's broadcast address allows multiple slaves having the same broadcast |
32275 | 718 address to sync to the master. Note that this feature assumes an |
719 ethernet-like low-latency network connection. Your mileage may vary on high | |
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720 latency networks. |
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721 </para> |
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722 |
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723 <para> |
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724 For example, assume 8 computers are on a network, with IP addresses 192.168.0.1 |
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725 through 192.168.0.8. Assume the first computer is to be the master. Running |
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726 ifconfig on all the machines lists "Bcast:192.168.0.255". On the master, run: |
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727 </para> |
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728 |
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729 <screen> |
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730 mplayer -udp-master -udp-ip 192.168.0.255 video1.mpg |
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731 </screen> |
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732 |
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733 <para> |
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734 On each slave, run: |
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735 </para> |
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736 |
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737 <screen> |
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738 mplayer -udp-slave videoN.mpg |
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739 </screen> |
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740 |
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741 <para> |
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742 Seeking, pausing and even playback speed adjustment (see the |
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743 <option>-input</option> option) can be done on the master, and all the slaves |
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744 will follow. When the master exits, it sends out a "bye" message which causes |
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745 the slaves to exit as well. |
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746 </para> |
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747 |
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748 </sect1> |
21521 | 749 |
750 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
11786 | 751 |
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752 <sect1 id="advaudio-surround"> |
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753 <title>Surround/Multichannel playback</title> |
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754 |
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755 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround-DVD"> |
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756 <title>DVDs</title> |
21521 | 757 |
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758 <para> |
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759 Most DVDs and many other files include surround sound. |
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760 <application>MPlayer</application> supports surround playback but does not |
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761 enable it by default because stereo equipment is by far more common. To play a |
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762 file that has more than two channels of audio use <option>-channels</option>. |
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763 For example, to play a DVD with 5.1 audio: |
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764 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6</screen> |
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765 Note that despite the name "5.1" there are actually six discrete channels. |
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766 If you have surround sound equipment it is safe to put the |
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767 <option>channels</option> option in your <application>MPlayer</application> |
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768 configuration file <filename>~/.mplayer/config</filename>. For example, to make |
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769 quadraphonic playback the default, add this line: |
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770 <programlisting>channels=4</programlisting> |
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771 <application>MPlayer</application> will then output audio in four channels when |
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772 all four channels are available. |
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773 </para> |
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774 </sect2> |
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775 |
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776 |
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777 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround-stereoinfour"> |
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778 <title>Playing stereo files to four speakers</title> |
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779 |
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780 <para> |
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781 <application>MPlayer</application> does not duplicate any channels by default, |
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782 and neither do most audio drivers. If you want to do that manually: |
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783 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> |
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784 See the section on |
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785 <link linkend="advaudio-channels-copying">channel copying</link> for an |
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786 explanation. |
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787 </para> |
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788 </sect2> |
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789 |
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790 |
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791 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround-passthrough"> |
24036 | 792 <title>AC-3/DTS Passthrough</title> |
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793 |
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794 <para> |
24036 | 795 DVDs usually have surround audio encoded in AC-3 (Dolby Digital) or DTS |
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796 (Digital Theater System) format. Some modern audio equipment is capable of |
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797 decoding these formats internally. <application>MPlayer</application> can be |
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798 configured to relay the audio data without decoding it. This will only work if |
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799 you have a S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) jack in your sound card, or |
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800 if you are passing audio over HDMI. |
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801 </para> |
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802 |
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803 <para> |
24036 | 804 If your audio equipment can decode both AC-3 and DTS, you can safely enable |
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805 passthrough for both formats. Otherwise, enable passthrough for only the format |
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806 your equipment supports. |
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807 </para> |
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808 |
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809 <itemizedlist> |
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810 <title>To enable passthrough on the command line:</title> |
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811 <listitem><para> |
24036 | 812 For AC-3 only, use <option>-ac hwac3</option> |
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813 </para></listitem> |
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814 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 815 For DTS only, use <option>-ac hwdts</option> |
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816 </para></listitem> |
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817 <listitem><para> |
24036 | 818 For both AC-3 and DTS, use <option>-afm hwac3</option> |
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819 </para></listitem> |
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820 </itemizedlist> |
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821 |
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822 <itemizedlist> |
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823 <title>To enable passthrough in the <application>MPlayer</application> |
21732 | 824 configuration file: </title> |
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825 <listitem><para> |
24036 | 826 For AC-3 only, use <option>ac=hwac3,</option> |
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827 </para></listitem> |
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828 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 829 For DTS only, use <option>ac=hwdts,</option> |
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830 </para></listitem> |
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831 <listitem><para> |
24036 | 832 For both AC-3 and DTS, use <option>afm=hwac3</option> |
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833 </para></listitem> |
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834 </itemizedlist> |
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835 |
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836 <para> |
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837 Note that there is a comma (",") at the end of |
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838 <option>ac=hwac3,</option> and <option>ac=hwdts,</option>. This will make |
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839 <application>MPlayer</application> fall back on the codecs it normally uses when |
24036 | 840 playing a file that does not have AC-3 or DTS audio. |
21732 | 841 <option>afm=hwac3</option> does not need a comma; |
842 <application>MPlayer</application> will fall back anyway when an audio family | |
843 is specified. | |
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844 </para> |
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845 </sect2> |
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846 |
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847 |
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848 <sect2 id="hwmpa-surround-passthrough"> |
17432 | 849 <title>MPEG audio Passthrough</title> |
850 | |
851 <para> | |
28966 | 852 Digital TV transmissions (such as DVB and ATSC) and some DVDs usually have |
17432 | 853 MPEG audio streams (in particular MP2). |
28966 | 854 Some MPEG hardware decoders such as full-featured DVB cards and DXR2 |
855 adapters can natively decode this format. | |
856 <application>MPlayer</application> can be configured to relay the audio data | |
17432 | 857 without decoding it. |
858 </para> | |
859 | |
860 <para> | |
861 To use this codec: | |
862 <screen> mplayer -ac hwmpa </screen> | |
863 </para> | |
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864 </sect2> |
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865 |
21521 | 866 |
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867 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround-matrix"> |
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868 <title>Matrix-encoded audio</title> |
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869 |
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870 <para> |
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871 <emphasis>***TODO***</emphasis> |
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872 </para> |
21521 | 873 |
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874 <para> |
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875 This section has yet to be written and cannot be completed until somebody |
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876 provides sample files for us to test. If you have any matrix-encoded audio |
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877 files, know where to find some, or have any information that could be helpful, |
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878 please send a message to the |
19709 | 879 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-docs">MPlayer-DOCS</ulink> |
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880 mailing list. Put "[matrix-encoded audio]" in the subject line. |
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881 </para> |
21521 | 882 |
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883 <para> |
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884 If no files or further information are forthcoming this section will be dropped. |
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885 </para> |
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886 |
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887 <para> |
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888 Good links: |
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889 <itemizedlist> |
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890 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 891 <ulink url="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm">http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm</ulink> |
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892 </para></listitem> |
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893 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 894 <ulink url="http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp">http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp</ulink> |
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895 </para></listitem> |
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896 </itemizedlist> |
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897 </para> |
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898 </sect2> |
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899 |
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900 |
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901 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround-hrtf"> |
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902 <title>Surround emulation in headphones</title> |
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903 |
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904 <para> |
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905 <application>MPlayer</application> includes an HRTF (Head Related Transfer |
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906 Function) filter based on an |
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907 <ulink url="http://sound.media.mit.edu/KEMAR.html">MIT project</ulink> |
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908 wherein measurements were taken from microphones mounted on a dummy human head. |
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909 </para> |
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910 |
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911 <para> |
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912 Although it is not possible to exactly imitate a surround system, |
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913 <application>MPlayer</application>'s HRTF filter does provide more spatially |
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914 immersive audio in 2-channel headphones. Regular downmixing simply combines all |
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915 the channels into two; besides combining the channels, <option>hrtf</option> |
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916 generates subtle echoes, increases the stereo separation slightly, and alters |
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917 the volume of some frequencies. Whether HRTF sounds better may be dependent on |
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918 the source audio and a matter of personal taste, but it is definitely worth |
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919 trying out. |
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920 </para> |
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921 |
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922 <para> |
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923 To play a DVD with HRTF: |
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924 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6 -af hrtf</screen> |
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925 </para> |
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926 |
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927 <para> |
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928 <option>hrtf</option> only works well with 5 or 6 channels. Also, |
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929 <option>hrtf</option> requires 48 kHz audio. DVD audio is already 48 kHz, but if |
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930 you have a file with a different sampling rate that you want to play using |
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931 <option>hrtf</option> you must resample it: |
21521 | 932 <screen> |
933 mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -channels 6 -af resample=48000,hrtf | |
934 </screen> | |
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935 </para> |
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936 </sect2> |
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937 |
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938 |
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939 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround-troubleshooting"> |
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940 <title>Troubleshooting</title> |
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941 |
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942 <para> |
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943 If you do not hear any sound out of your surround channels, check your mixer |
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944 settings with a mixer program such as <application>alsamixer</application>; |
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945 audio outputs are often muted and set to zero volume by default. |
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946 </para> |
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947 </sect2> |
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948 </sect1> |
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949 |
21521 | 950 <!-- ********** --> |
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951 |
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952 <sect1 id="advaudio-channels"> |
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953 <title>Channel manipulation</title> |
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954 |
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955 <sect2 id="advaudio-channels-general"> |
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956 <title>General information</title> |
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957 |
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958 <para> |
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959 Unfortunately, there is no standard for how channels are ordered. The orders |
24036 | 960 listed below are those of AC-3 and are fairly typical; try them and see if your |
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961 source matches. Channels are numbered starting with 0. |
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962 |
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963 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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964 <title>mono</title> |
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965 <listitem override="0"><para>center</para></listitem> |
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966 </orderedlist> |
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967 |
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968 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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969 <title>stereo</title> |
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970 <listitem override="0"><para>left</para></listitem> |
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971 <listitem><para>right</para></listitem> |
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972 </orderedlist> |
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973 |
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974 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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975 <title>quadraphonic</title> |
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976 <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> |
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977 <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> |
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978 <listitem><para>left rear</para></listitem> |
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979 <listitem><para>right rear</para></listitem> |
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980 </orderedlist> |
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981 |
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982 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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983 <title>surround 4.0</title> |
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984 <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> |
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985 <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> |
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986 <listitem><para>center rear</para></listitem> |
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987 <listitem><para>center front</para></listitem> |
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988 </orderedlist> |
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989 |
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990 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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991 <title>surround 5.0</title> |
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992 <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> |
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993 <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> |
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994 <listitem><para>left rear</para></listitem> |
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995 <listitem><para>right rear</para></listitem> |
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996 <listitem><para>center front</para></listitem> |
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997 </orderedlist> |
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998 |
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999 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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1000 <title>surround 5.1</title> |
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1001 <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> |
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1002 <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> |
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1003 <listitem><para>left rear</para></listitem> |
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1004 <listitem><para>right rear</para></listitem> |
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1005 <listitem><para>center front</para></listitem> |
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1006 <listitem><para>subwoofer</para></listitem> |
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1007 </orderedlist> |
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1008 </para> |
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1009 |
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1010 <para> |
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1011 The <option>-channels</option> option is used to request the number of |
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1012 channels from the audio decoder. Some audio codecs use the number of specified |
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1013 channels to decide if downmixing the source is necessary. Note that this does |
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1014 not always affect the number of output channels. For example, using |
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|
1015 <option>-channels 4</option> to play a stereo MP3 file will still result in |
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|
1016 2-channel output since the MP3 codec will not produce the extra channels. |
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1017 </para> |
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1018 |
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1019 <para> |
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1020 The <option>channels</option> audio filter can be used to create or remove |
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1021 channels and is useful for controlling the number of channels sent to the sound |
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|
1022 card. See the following sections for more information on channel manipulation. |
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1023 </para> |
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1024 </sect2> |
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1025 |
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1026 |
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1027 <sect2 id="advaudio-channels-mono"> |
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1028 <title>Playing mono with two speakers</title> |
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1029 |
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1030 <para> |
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1031 Mono sounds a lot better when played through two speakers - especially when |
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1032 using headphones. Audio files that truly have one channel are automatically |
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1033 played through two speakers; unfortunately, most files with mono sound are |
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1034 actually encoded as stereo with one channel silent. The easiest and most |
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1035 foolproof way to make both speakers output the same audio is the |
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1036 <option>extrastereo</option> filter: |
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1037 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0</screen> |
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|
1038 </para> |
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1039 |
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1040 <para> |
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1041 This averages both channels, resulting in both channels being half as loud as |
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1042 the original. The next sections have examples of other ways to do this without a |
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1043 volume decrease, but they are more complex and require different options |
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1044 depending on which channel to keep. If you really need to maintain the volume, |
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1045 it may be easier to experiment with the <option>volume</option> filter and find |
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1046 the right value. For example: |
21521 | 1047 <screen> |
1048 mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0,volume=5 | |
1049 </screen> | |
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1050 </para> |
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1051 </sect2> |
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1052 |
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1053 |
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1054 <sect2 id="advaudio-channels-copying"> |
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1055 <title>Channel copying/moving</title> |
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1056 |
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1057 <para> |
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1058 The <option>channels</option> filter can move any or all channels. |
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1059 Setting up all the suboptions for the <option>channels</option> |
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1060 filter can be complicated and takes a little care. |
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1061 |
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1062 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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1063 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1064 Decide how many output channels you need. This is the first suboption. |
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1065 </para></listitem> |
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1066 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1067 Count how many channel moves you will do. This is the second suboption. Each |
1068 channel can be moved to several different channels at the same time, but keep | |
1069 in mind that when a channel is moved (even if to only one destination) the | |
1070 source channel will be empty unless another channel is moved into it. To copy | |
1071 a channel, keeping the source the same, simply move the channel into both the | |
1072 destination and the source. For example: | |
1073 <programlisting> | |
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1074 channel 2 --> channel 3 |
21521 | 1075 channel 2 --> channel 2<!-- |
1076 --></programlisting> | |
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1077 </para></listitem> |
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1078 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1079 Write out the channel copies as pairs of suboptions. Note that the first |
1080 channel is 0, the second is 1, etc. The order of these suboptions does not | |
1081 matter as long as they are properly grouped into | |
21732 | 1082 <replaceable>source:destination</replaceable> pairs. |
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1083 </para></listitem> |
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1084 </orderedlist> |
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1085 </para> |
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1086 |
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1087 <bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> |
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1088 <para> |
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1089 Here is an example of another way to play one channel in both speakers. Suppose |
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1090 for this example that the left channel should be played and the right channel |
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1091 discarded. Following the steps above: |
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1092 <orderedlist> |
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1093 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1094 In order to provide an output channel for each of the two speakers, the first |
1095 suboption must be "2". | |
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1096 </para></listitem> |
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1097 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1098 The left channel needs to be moved to the right channel, and also must be |
1099 moved to itself so it won't be empty. This is a total of two moves, making | |
1100 the second suboption "2" as well. | |
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1101 </para></listitem> |
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1102 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1103 To move the left channel (channel 0) into the right channel (channel 1), the |
1104 suboption pair is "0:1", "0:0" moves the left channel onto itself. | |
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1105 </para></listitem> |
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1106 </orderedlist> |
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1107 Putting that all together gives: |
21521 | 1108 <screen> |
1109 mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0 | |
1110 </screen> | |
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1111 </para> |
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1112 |
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1113 <para> |
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1114 The advantage this example has over <option>extrastereo</option> is that the |
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1115 volume of each output channel is the same as the input channel. The disadvantage |
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1116 is that the suboptions must be changed to "2:2:1:0:1:1" when the desired audio |
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1117 is in the right channel. Also, it is more difficult to remember and type. |
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1118 </para> |
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1119 |
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1120 <bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> |
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1121 <para> |
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1122 There is actually a much easier way to use the <option>channels</option> filter |
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1123 for playing the left channel in both speakers: |
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1124 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=1</screen> |
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1125 The second channel is discarded and, with no further suboptions, the single |
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1126 remaining channel is left alone. Sound card drivers automatically play |
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1127 single-channel audio in both speakers. This only works when the desired channel |
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1128 is on the left. |
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1129 </para> |
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1130 |
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1131 <bridgehead>Example: duplicate front channels to the rear</bridgehead> |
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1132 <para> |
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1133 Another common operation is to duplicate the front channels and play them back |
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1134 on the rear speakers of a quadraphonic setup. |
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1135 <orderedlist> |
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1136 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1137 There should be four output channels. The first suboption is "4". |
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1138 </para></listitem> |
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1139 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1140 Each of the two front channels needs to be moved to the corresponding rear |
1141 channel and also to itself. This is four moves, so the second suboption is "4". | |
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1142 </para></listitem> |
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1143 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1144 The left front (channel 0) needs to moved to the left rear (channel 2): |
1145 "0:2". The left front also needs to be moved to itself: "0:0". The right | |
1146 front (channel 1) is moved to the right rear (channel 3): "1:3", and also to | |
1147 itself: "1:1". | |
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1148 </para></listitem> |
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1149 </orderedlist> |
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1150 Combine all the suboptions to get: |
21521 | 1151 <screen> |
1152 mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=4:4:0:2:0:0:1:3:1:1 | |
1153 </screen> | |
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1154 </para> |
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1155 </sect2> |
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1156 |
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1157 |
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1158 <sect2 id="advaudio-channels-mixing"> |
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1159 <title>Channel mixing</title> |
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1160 |
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1161 <para> |
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1162 The <option>pan</option> filter can mix channels in user-specified proportions. |
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1163 This allows for everything the <option>channels</option> filter can do and |
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1164 more. Unfortunately, the suboptions are much more complicated. |
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1165 <orderedlist> |
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1166 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1167 Decide how many channels to work with. You may need to specify this with |
1168 <option>-channels</option> and/or <option>-af channels</option>. | |
1169 Later examples will show when to use which. | |
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1170 </para></listitem> |
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1171 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1172 Decide how many channels to feed into <option>pan</option> (further decoded |
1173 channels are discarded). This is the first suboption, and it also controls how | |
1174 many channels to employ for output. | |
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1175 </para></listitem> |
21521 | 1176 <listitem> |
1177 <para> | |
1178 The remaining suboptions specify how much of each channel gets mixed into each | |
1179 other channel. This is the complicated part. To break the task down, split the | |
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1180 suboptions into several sets, one set for each input channel. Each suboption |
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1181 within a set corresponds to an output channel. The number you specify will be |
21521 | 1182 the percentage of the input channel that gets mixed into the output channel. |
1183 </para> | |
1184 <para> | |
1185 <option>pan</option> accepts values from 0 to 512, yielding 0% to 51200% of | |
1186 the original volume. Be careful when using values greater than 1. Not only | |
1187 can this give you very high volume, but if you exceed the sample range of | |
1188 your sound card you may hear painful pops and clicks. If you want you can | |
1189 follow <option>pan</option> with <option>,volume</option> to enable clipping, | |
1190 but it is best to keep the values of <option>pan</option> low enough that | |
1191 clipping is not necessary. | |
1192 </para> | |
1193 </listitem> | |
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1194 </orderedlist> |
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1195 </para> |
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1196 |
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1197 <bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> |
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1198 <para> |
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1199 Here is yet another example for playing the left channel in two speakers. Follow |
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1200 the steps above: |
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1201 <orderedlist> |
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1202 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1203 <option>pan</option> should output two channels, so the first |
1204 suboption is "2". | |
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1205 </para></listitem> |
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1206 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1207 Since we have two input channels, there will be two sets of suboptions. |
1208 Since there are also two output channels, | |
1209 there will be two suboptions per set. | |
1210 The left channel from the file should go with full volume to | |
1211 the new left and the right channels. | |
1212 Thus the first set of suboptions is "1:1". | |
1213 The right channel should be discarded, so the second would be "0:0". | |
1214 Any 0 values at the end can be left out, but for ease of | |
1215 understanding we will keep them. | |
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1216 </para></listitem> |
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1217 </orderedlist> |
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1218 Putting those options together gives: |
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1219 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:1:0:0</screen> |
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1220 If the right channel is desired instead of the left, the suboptions to |
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1221 <option>pan</option> will be "2:0:0:1:1". |
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1222 </para> |
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1223 |
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1224 |
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1225 <bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> |
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1226 <para> |
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1227 As with <option>channels</option>, there is a shortcut that only works with the |
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1228 left channel: |
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1229 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=1:1</screen> |
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1230 Since <option>pan</option> has only one channel of input (the other channel is |
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1231 discarded), there is only one set with one suboption, which specifies that the |
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1232 only channel gets 100% of itself. |
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1233 </para> |
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1234 |
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1235 <bridgehead>Example: downmixing 6-channel PCM</bridgehead> |
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1236 <para> |
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1237 <application>MPlayer</application>'s decoder for 6-channel PCM is not capable of |
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1238 downmixing. Here is a way to downmix PCM using <option>pan</option>: |
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1239 <orderedlist> |
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1240 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1241 The number of output channels is 2, so the first suboption is "2". |
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1242 </para></listitem> |
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1243 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1244 With six input channels there will be six sets of options. Fortunately, |
1245 since we only care about the output of the first two channels, we only need to | |
1246 make two sets; the remaining four sets can be omitted. Beware that not all | |
1247 multichannel audio files have the same channel order! This example | |
24036 | 1248 demonstrates downmixing a file with the same channels as AC-3 5.1: |
21521 | 1249 <programlisting> |
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1250 0 - front left |
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1251 1 - front right |
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1252 2 - rear left |
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1253 3 - rear right |
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1254 4 - center front |
21521 | 1255 5 - subwoofer<!-- |
1256 --></programlisting> | |
1257 The first set of suboptions lists the percentages of the original volume, in | |
1258 order, which each output channel should receive from the | |
1259 front left channel: "1:0". | |
1260 The front right channel should go into the right output: "0:1". | |
1261 The same for the rear channels: "1:0" and "0:1". | |
1262 The center channel goes into both output channels with half volume: | |
1263 "0.5:0.5", and the subwoofer goes into both with full volume: "1:1". | |
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1264 </para></listitem> |
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1265 </orderedlist> |
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1266 Put all that together, for: |
21521 | 1267 <screen> |
1268 mplayer <replaceable>6-channel.wav</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:0:0:1:1:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:1:1 | |
1269 </screen> | |
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1270 The percentages listed above are only a rough example. Feel free to tweak them. |
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1271 </para> |
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1272 |
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1273 <bridgehead>Example: Playing 5.1 audio on big speakers without a subwoofer</bridgehead> |
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1274 <para> |
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1275 If you have a huge pair of front speakers you may not want to waste any money on |
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1276 buying a subwoofer for a complete 5.1 sound system. If you use |
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1277 <option>-channels 5</option> to request that liba52 decode 5.1 audio in 5.0, |
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1278 the subwoofer channel is simply discarded. If you want to distribute the |
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1279 subwoofer channel yourself you need to downmix manually with |
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1280 <option>pan</option>: |
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1281 <orderedlist> |
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1282 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1283 Since <option>pan</option> needs to examine all six channels, specify |
1284 <option>-channels 6</option> so liba52 decodes them all. | |
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1285 </para></listitem> |
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1286 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1287 <option>pan</option> outputs to only five channels, the first suboption is 5. |
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1288 </para></listitem> |
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1289 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1290 Six input channels and five output channels means six sets of five suboptions. |
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1291 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
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1292 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1293 The left front channel only replicates onto itself: |
1294 "1:0:0:0:0" | |
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1295 </para></listitem> |
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1296 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1297 Same for the right front channel: |
1298 "0:1:0:0:0" | |
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1299 </para></listitem> |
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1300 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1301 Same for the left rear channel: |
1302 "0:0:1:0:0" | |
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1303 </para></listitem> |
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1304 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1305 And also the same for the right rear channel: |
1306 "0:0:0:1:0" | |
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1307 </para></listitem> |
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1308 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1309 Center front, too: |
1310 "0:0:0:0:1" | |
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1311 </para></listitem> |
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1312 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1313 And now we have to decide what to do with the subwoofer, |
1314 e.g. half into front right and front left: | |
1315 "0.5:0.5:0:0:0" | |
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1316 </para></listitem> |
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1317 </itemizedlist> |
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1318 </para></listitem> |
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1319 </orderedlist> |
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1320 Combine all those options to get: |
21521 | 1321 <screen> |
1322 mplayer <replaceable>dvd://1</replaceable> -channels 6 -af pan=5:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:0:0:0 | |
1323 </screen> | |
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1324 </para> |
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1325 </sect2> |
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1326 </sect1> |
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1327 |
21521 | 1328 <!-- ********** --> |
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1329 |
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1330 <sect1 id="advaudio-volume"> |
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1331 <title>Software Volume adjustment</title> |
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1332 |
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1333 <para> |
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1334 Some audio tracks are too quiet to be heard comfortably without amplification. |
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1335 This becomes a problem when your audio equipment cannot amplify the signal for |
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1336 you. The <option>-softvol</option> option directs |
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1337 <application>MPlayer</application> to use an internal mixer. You can then use |
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1338 the volume adjustment keys (by default <keycap>9</keycap> and |
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1339 <keycap>0</keycap>) to reach much higher volume levels. Note that this does not |
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1340 bypass your sound card's mixer; <application>MPlayer</application> only |
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1341 amplifies the signal before sending it to your sound card. |
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1342 The following example is a good start: |
21521 | 1343 <screen> |
1344 mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -softvol -softvol-max 300 | |
1345 </screen> | |
16406 | 1346 The <option>-softvol-max</option> option specifies the maximum allowable output |
1347 volume as a percentage of the | |
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1348 original volume. For example, <option>-softvol-max 200</option> would allow the |
16406 | 1349 volume to be adjusted up to twice its original level. |
1350 It is safe to specify a large value with | |
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1351 <option>-softvol-max</option>; the higher volume will not be used until you |
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1352 use the volume adjustment keys. The only disadvantage of a large value is that, |
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1353 since <application>MPlayer</application> adjusts volume by a percentage of the |
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1354 maximum, you will not have as precise control when using the volume adjustment |
16406 | 1355 keys. Use a lower value with <option>-softvol-max</option> and/or specify |
1356 <option>-volstep 1</option> if you need higher precision. | |
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1357 </para> |
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1358 |
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1359 <para> |
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1360 The <option>-softvol</option> option works by controlling the |
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1361 <option>volume</option> audio filter. If you want to play a file at a certain |
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1362 volume from the beginning you can specify <option>volume</option> manually: |
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1363 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -af volume=10</screen> |
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1364 This will play the file with a ten decibel gain. Be careful when using the |
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1365 <option>volume</option> filter - you could easily hurt your ears if you use |
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1366 too high a value. Start low and work your way up gradually until you get a feel |
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1367 for how much adjustment is required. Also, if you specify excessively high |
21521 | 1368 values, <option>volume</option> may need to clip the signal to avoid sending |
1369 your sound card data that is outside the allowable range; this will result in | |
16487 | 1370 distorted audio. |
16391
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1371 </para> |
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1372 </sect1> |
31897
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1373 |
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1374 <!-- ********** --> |
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1375 |
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1376 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input"> |
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1377 <title>TV input</title> |
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1378 |
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1379 <para> |
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1380 This section is about how to enable <emphasis role="bold">watching/grabbing |
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1381 from V4L compatible TV tuner</emphasis>. See the man page for a description |
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1382 of TV options and keyboard controls. |
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1383 </para> |
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1384 |
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1385 <sect2 id="tv-tips"> |
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1386 <title>Usage tips</title> |
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1387 |
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1388 <para> |
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1389 The full listing of the options is available on the manual page. |
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1390 Here are just a few tips: |
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1391 |
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1392 <itemizedlist> |
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1393 <listitem><para> |
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1394 Make sure your tuner works with another TV software in Linux, for |
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1395 example <application>XawTV</application>. |
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1396 </para></listitem> |
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1397 <listitem><para> |
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1398 Use the <option>channels</option> option. An example: |
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1399 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen> |
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1400 Explanation: Using this option, only the 26 and 23 channels will be usable, |
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1401 and there will be a nice OSD text upon channel switching, displaying the |
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1402 channel's name. Spaces in the channel name must be replaced by the |
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1403 "_" character. |
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1404 </para></listitem> |
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1405 <listitem><para> |
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1406 Choose some sane image dimensions. The dimensions of the resulting image |
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1407 should be divisible by 16. |
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1408 </para></listitem> |
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1409 <listitem> |
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1410 <para> |
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1411 If you capture the video with the vertical resolution higher than half |
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1412 of the full resolution (i.e. 288 for PAL or 240 for NTSC), then the |
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1413 'frames' you get will really be interleaved pairs of fields. |
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1414 Depending on what you want to do with the video you may leave it in |
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1415 this form, destructively deinterlace, or break the pairs apart into |
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1416 individual fields. |
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1417 </para> |
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1418 <para> |
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1419 Otherwise you'll get a movie which is distorted during |
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1420 fast-motion scenes and the bitrate controller will be probably even unable |
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1421 to retain the specified bitrate as the interlacing artifacts produce high |
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1422 amount of detail and thus consume lot of bandwidth. You can enable |
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1423 deinterlacing with <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>. |
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1424 Usually <option>pp=lb</option> does a good job, but it can be matter of |
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1425 personal preference. |
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1426 See other deinterlacing algorithms in the manual and give it a try. |
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1427 </para> |
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1428 </listitem> |
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1429 <listitem><para> |
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1430 Crop out the dead space. When you capture the video, the areas at the edges |
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1431 are usually black or contain some noise. These again consume lots of |
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1432 unnecessary bandwidth. More precisely it's not the black areas themselves |
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1433 but the sharp transitions between the black and the brighter video image |
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1434 which do but that's not important for now. Before you start capturing, |
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1435 adjust the arguments of the <option>crop</option> option so that all the |
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1436 crap at the margins is cropped out. Again, don't forget to keep the resulting |
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1437 dimensions sane. |
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1438 </para></listitem> |
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1439 <listitem><para> |
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1440 Watch out for CPU load. It shouldn't cross the 90% boundary for most of the |
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1441 time. If you have a large capture buffer, <application>MEncoder</application> |
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1442 can survive an overload for few seconds but nothing more. It's better to |
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1443 turn off the 3D OpenGL screensavers and similar stuff. |
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1444 </para></listitem> |
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1445 <listitem><para> |
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1446 Don't mess with the system clock. <application>MEncoder</application> uses the |
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1447 system clock for doing A/V sync. If you adjust the system clock (especially |
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1448 backwards in time), <application>MEncoder</application> gets confused and you |
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1449 will lose frames. This is an important issue if you are hooked to a network |
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1450 and run some time synchronization software like NTP. You have to turn NTP |
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1451 off during the capture process if you want to capture reliably. |
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1452 </para></listitem> |
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1453 <listitem><para> |
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1454 Don't change the <option>outfmt</option> unless you know what you are doing |
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1455 or your card/driver really doesn't support the default (YV12 colorspace). |
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1456 In the older versions of <application>MPlayer</application>/ |
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1457 <application>MEncoder</application> it was necessary to specify the output |
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1458 format. This issue should be fixed in the current releases and |
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1459 <option>outfmt</option> isn't required anymore, and the default suits the |
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1460 most purposes. For example, if you are capturing into DivX using |
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1461 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> and specify |
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1462 <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> in order to increase the quality of the captured |
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1463 images, the captured image will be actually later converted back into YV12 so |
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1464 the only thing you achieve is a massive waste of CPU power. |
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1465 </para></listitem> |
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1466 <listitem><para> |
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1467 There are several ways of capturing audio. You can grab the sound either using |
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1468 your sound card via an external cable connection between video card and |
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1469 line-in, or using the built-in ADC in the bt878 chip. In the latter case, you |
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1470 have to load the <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis> driver. Read the |
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1471 <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> file (in the kernel |
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1472 tree, not <application>MPlayer</application>'s) for some instructions on using |
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1473 this driver. |
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1474 </para></listitem> |
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1475 <listitem><para> |
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1476 If <application>MEncoder</application> cannot open the audio device, make |
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1477 sure that it is really available. There can be some trouble with the sound |
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1478 servers like aRts (KDE) or ESD (GNOME). If you have a full duplex sound card |
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1479 (almost any decent card supports it today), and you are using KDE, try to |
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1480 check the "full duplex" option in the sound server preference menu. |
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1481 </para></listitem> |
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1482 </itemizedlist> |
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1483 </para> |
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1484 </sect2> |
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1485 |
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1486 <sect2 id="tv-examples"> |
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1487 <title>Examples</title> |
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1488 |
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1489 <informalexample><para> |
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1490 Dummy output, to AAlib :) |
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1491 <screen>mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://</screen> |
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1492 </para></informalexample> |
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1493 |
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1494 <informalexample><para> |
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1495 Input from standard V4L: |
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1496 <screen> |
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1497 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv:// |
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1498 </screen> |
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1499 </para></informalexample> |
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1500 |
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1501 <informalexample><para> |
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1502 A more sophisticated example. This makes <application>MEncoder</application> |
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1503 capture the full PAL image, crop the margins, and deinterlace the picture |
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1504 using a linear blend algorithm. Audio is compressed with a constant bitrate |
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1505 of 64kbps, using LAME codec. This setup is suitable for capturing movies. |
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1506 <screen> |
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1507 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64\ |
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1508 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \ |
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1509 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv:// |
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1510 </screen> |
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1511 </para></informalexample> |
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1512 |
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1513 <informalexample><para> |
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1514 This will additionally rescale the image to 384x288 and compresses the |
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1515 video with the bitrate of 350kbps in high quality mode. The vqmax option |
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1516 looses the quantizer and allows the video compressor to actually reach so |
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1517 low bitrate even at the expense of the quality. This can be used for |
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1518 capturing long TV series, where the video quality isn't so important. |
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1519 <screen> |
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1520 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \ |
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1521 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \ |
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1522 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>\ |
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1523 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 tv:// |
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1524 </screen> |
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1525 It's also possible to specify smaller image dimensions in the |
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1526 <option>-tv</option> option and omit the software scaling but this approach |
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1527 uses the maximum available information and is a little more resistant to noise. |
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1528 The bt8x8 chips can do the pixel averaging only in the horizontal direction due |
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1529 to a hardware limitation. |
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1530 </para></informalexample> |
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1531 </sect2> |
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1532 </sect1> |
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1533 |
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1534 <!-- ********** --> |
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1535 |
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1536 <sect1 id="tv-teletext"> |
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1537 <title>Teletext</title> |
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1538 |
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1539 <para> |
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1540 Teletext is currently available only in <application>MPlayer</application> |
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1541 for v4l and v4l2 drivers. |
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1542 </para> |
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1543 |
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1544 <sect2 id="tv-teletext-implementation-notes"> |
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1545 <title>Implementation notes</title> |
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1546 |
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1547 <para> |
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1548 <application>MPlayer</application> supports regular text, graphics and navigation links. |
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1549 Unfortunately, colored pages are not fully supported yet - all pages are shown as grayscaled. |
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1550 Subtitle pages (also known as Closed Captions) are supported, too. |
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1551 </para> |
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1552 |
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1553 <para> |
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1554 <application>MPlayer</application> starts caching all teletext pages upon |
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1555 starting to receive TV input, so you do not need to wait until the requested page is loaded. |
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1556 </para> |
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1557 |
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1558 <para> |
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1559 Note: Using teletext with <option>-vo xv</option> causes strange colors. |
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1560 </para> |
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1561 </sect2> |
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1562 |
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1563 <sect2 id="tv-teletext-usage"> |
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1564 <title>Using teletext</title> |
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1565 |
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1566 <para> |
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1567 To enable teletext decoding you must specify the VBI device to get teletext data |
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1568 from (usually <filename>/dev/vbi0</filename> for Linux). This can be done by specifying |
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1569 <option>tdevice</option> in your configuration file, like shown below: |
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1570 <screen>tv=tdevice=/dev/vbi0</screen> |
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1571 </para> |
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1572 |
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1573 <para> |
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1574 You might need to specify the teletext language code for your country. |
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1575 To list all available country codes use |
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1576 <screen>tv=tdevice=/dev/vbi0:tlang=<replaceable>-1</replaceable></screen> |
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1577 Here is an example for Russian: |
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1578 <screen>tv=tdevice=/dev/vbi0:tlang=<replaceable>33</replaceable></screen> |
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1579 </para> |
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1580 </sect2> |
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1581 |
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1582 </sect1> |
31899 | 1583 |
1584 <!-- ********** --> | |
1585 | |
1586 <sect1 id="radio"> | |
1587 <title>Radio</title> | |
1588 | |
1589 <para> | |
1590 This section is about how to enable listening to radio from | |
1591 a V4L-compatible radio tuner. See the man page for a | |
1592 description of radio options and keyboard controls. | |
1593 </para> | |
1594 | |
1595 <!-- ********** --> | |
1596 | |
1597 <sect2 id="radio-tips"> | |
1598 <title>Usage tips</title> | |
1599 | |
1600 <para> | |
1601 The full listing of the options is available in the manual page. | |
1602 Here are just a few tips: | |
1603 | |
1604 <itemizedlist> | |
1605 <listitem><para> | |
1606 Make sure your tuner works with another radio software in Linux, for | |
1607 example <application>XawTV</application>. | |
1608 </para></listitem> | |
1609 <listitem><para> | |
1610 Use the <option>channels</option> option. An example: | |
1611 <screen>-radio channels=104.4-Sibir,103.9-Maximum</screen> | |
1612 Explanation: With this option, only the 104.4 and 103.9 radio stations | |
1613 will be usable. There will be a nice OSD text upon channel switching, | |
1614 displaying the channel's name. Spaces in the channel name must be | |
1615 replaced by the "_" character. | |
1616 </para></listitem> | |
1617 <listitem><para> | |
1618 There are several ways of capturing audio. You can grab the sound either using | |
1619 your sound card via an external cable connection between video card and | |
1620 line-in, or using the built-in ADC in the saa7134 chip. In the latter case, | |
1621 you have to load the <systemitem>saa7134-alsa</systemitem> or | |
1622 <systemitem>saa7134-oss</systemitem> driver. | |
1623 </para></listitem> | |
1624 <listitem><para> | |
1625 <application>MEncoder</application> cannot be used for audio capture, | |
1626 because it requires a video stream to work. So your can either use | |
1627 <application>arecord</application> from ALSA project or | |
1628 use <option>-ao pcm:file=file.wav</option>. In the latter case you | |
1629 will not hear any sound (unless you are using a line-in cable and | |
1630 have switched line-in mute off). | |
1631 </para></listitem> | |
1632 </itemizedlist> | |
1633 </para> | |
1634 </sect2> | |
1635 | |
1636 <!-- ********** --> | |
1637 | |
1638 <sect2 id="radio-examples"> | |
1639 <title>Examples</title> | |
1640 | |
1641 <informalexample><para> | |
1642 Input from standard V4L (using line-in cable, capture switched off): | |
1643 <screen>mplayer radio://104.4</screen> | |
1644 </para></informalexample> | |
1645 | |
1646 <informalexample><para> | |
1647 Input from standard V4L (using line-in cable, capture switched off, | |
1648 V4Lv1 interface): | |
1649 <screen>mplayer -radio driver=v4l radio://104.4</screen> | |
1650 </para></informalexample> | |
1651 | |
1652 <informalexample><para> | |
1653 Playing second channel from channel list: | |
1654 <screen>mplayer -radio channels=104.4=Sibir,103.9=Maximm radio://2</screen> | |
1655 </para></informalexample> | |
1656 | |
1657 <informalexample> | |
1658 <para> | |
1659 Passing sound over the PCI bus from the radio card's internal ADC. | |
1660 In this example the tuner is used as a second sound card | |
1661 (ALSA device hw:1,0). For saa7134-based cards either the | |
1662 <systemitem>saa7134-alsa</systemitem> or <systemitem>saa7134-oss</systemitem> | |
1663 module must be loaded. | |
1664 <screen> | |
1665 mplayer -rawaudio rate=32000 radio://2/capture \ | |
1666 -radio adevice=hw=1.0:arate=32000:channels=104.4=Sibir,103.9=Maximm | |
1667 </screen> | |
1668 <note><para> | |
1669 When using ALSA device names colons must be replaced | |
1670 by equal signs, commas by periods. | |
1671 </para></note> | |
1672 </para> | |
1673 </informalexample> | |
1674 </sect2> | |
1675 | |
1676 </sect1> | |
9675 | 1677 </chapter> |