Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/tech/nut.txt @ 20631:ec285c2d1055
2nd try for a keyframe definition
based on richs comment
author | michael |
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date | Fri, 03 Nov 2006 21:13:50 +0000 |
parents | b105cebec25c |
children | 44ea011155d1 |
rev | line source |
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1 ================================== |
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2 NUT Open Container Format 20060713 |
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3 ================================== |
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5 | |
6 | |
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7 Intro: |
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8 ====== |
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9 |
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10 Features / goals: |
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11 (supported by the format, not necessarily by a specific implementation) |
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12 |
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13 Simple |
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14 use the same encoding for nearly all fields |
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15 simple decoding, so slow CPUs (and embedded systems) can handle it |
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16 |
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17 Extendible |
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18 no limit for the possible values of all fields (using universal vlc) |
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19 allow adding of new headers in the future |
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20 allow adding more fields at the end of headers |
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21 |
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22 Compact |
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23 ~0.2% overhead, for normal bitrates |
17438 | 24 index is <100kb per hour |
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25 a usual header for a file is about 100 bytes (audio + video headers together) |
17326 | 26 a packet header is about ~1-5 bytes |
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27 |
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28 Error resistant |
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29 seeking / playback without an index |
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30 headers & index can be repeated |
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31 damaged files can be played back with minimal data loss and fast |
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32 resync times |
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33 |
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34 The spec is frozen. All files following spec will be compatible unless the |
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35 spec is unfrozen. |
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36 |
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37 |
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38 Definitions: |
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39 ============ |
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40 |
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41 MUST the specific part must be done to conform to this standard |
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42 SHOULD it is recommended to be done that way, but not strictly required |
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43 |
20622 | 44 keyframe |
20631 | 45 The nth frame is a keyframe if and only if frames n, n+1, ... in |
46 presentation order (that are all frames with a pts >= frame[n].pts) can | |
47 be decoded successfully without reference to frames prior n in storeage | |
48 order (that are all frames with a dts < frame[n].dts) | |
49 if no such frames exist (for example due to use of overlapped transforms | |
50 like the MDCT in an audio codec) then the definition shall be extended | |
51 by droping n out of the set of frames which must be decodable, if this | |
52 is still insufficient then n+1 shall be droped, and so on until there is | |
53 a keyframe | |
20622 | 54 (FIXME maybe move somewhere else?) |
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55 |
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56 |
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57 Syntax: |
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58 ======= |
9294 | 59 |
16428 | 60 Since NUT heavily uses variable length fields, the simplest way to describe it |
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61 is using a pseudocode approach. |
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62 |
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63 |
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64 |
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65 Conventions: |
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66 ============ |
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67 |
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68 The data types have a name, used in the bitstream syntax description, a short |
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69 text description and a pseudocode (functional) definition, optional notes may |
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70 follow: |
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71 |
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72 name (text description) |
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73 functional definition |
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74 [Optional notes] |
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75 |
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76 The bitstream syntax elements have a tagname and a functional definition, they |
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77 are presented in a bottom up approach, again optional notes may follow and |
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78 are reproduced in the tag description: |
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79 |
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80 name: (optional note) |
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81 functional definition |
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82 [Optional notes] |
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83 |
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84 The in-depth tag description follows the bitstream syntax. |
16428 | 85 The functional definition has a C-like syntax. |
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86 |
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87 |
12209 | 88 |
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89 Type definitions: |
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90 ================= |
12209 | 91 |
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92 f(n) (n fixed bits in big-endian order) |
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93 u(n) (unsigned number encoded in n bits in MSB-first order) |
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94 |
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95 v (variable length value, unsigned) |
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96 value=0 |
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97 do{ |
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98 more_data u(1) |
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99 data u(7) |
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100 value= 128*value + data |
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101 }while(more_data) |
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102 |
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103 s (variable length value, signed) |
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104 temp v |
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105 temp++ |
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106 if(temp&1) value= -(temp>>1) |
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107 else value= (temp>>1) |
9323 | 108 |
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109 b (binary data or string, to be use in vb, see below) |
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110 for(i=0; i<length; i++){ |
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111 data[i] u(8) |
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112 } |
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113 [Note: strings MUST be encoded in UTF-8] |
17835 | 114 [Note: the character NUL (U+0000) is not legal within |
115 or at the end of a string.] | |
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117 vb (variable length binary data or string) |
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118 length v |
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119 value b |
12117 | 120 |
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121 t (v coded universal timestamp) |
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122 tmp v |
17872 | 123 id= tmp % time_base_count |
124 value= (tmp / time_base_count) * time_base[id] | |
9295 | 125 |
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126 |
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127 Bitstream syntax: |
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128 ================= |
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129 |
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130 file: |
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131 file_id_string |
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132 while(!eof){ |
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133 if(next_byte == 'N'){ |
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134 packet_header |
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135 switch(startcode){ |
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136 case main_startcode: main_header; break; |
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137 case stream_startcode:stream_header; break; |
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138 case info_startcode: info_packet; break; |
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139 case index_startcode: index; break; |
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140 case syncpoint_startcode: syncpoint; break; |
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141 } |
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142 packet_footer |
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143 }else |
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144 frame |
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145 } |
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146 |
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147 the structure of a undamaged file should look like the following, but |
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148 demuxers should be flexible and be able to deal with damaged headers so the |
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149 above is a better loop in practice (not to mention its simpler) |
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150 note, demuxers MUST be able to deal with new and unknown headers |
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151 |
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152 file: |
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153 file_id_string |
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154 while(!eof){ |
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155 packet_header, main_header, packet_footer |
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156 reserved_headers |
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157 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ |
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158 packet_header, stream_header, packet_footer |
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159 reserved_headers |
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160 } |
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161 while(next_code == info_startcode){ |
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162 packet_header, info_packet, packet_footer |
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163 reserved_headers |
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164 } |
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165 if(next_code == index_startcode){ |
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166 packet_header, index_packet, packet_footer |
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167 } |
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168 if (!eof) while(next_code != main_startcode){ |
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169 if(next_code == syncpoint_startcode){ |
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170 packet_header, syncpoint, packet_footer |
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171 } |
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172 frame |
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173 reserved_headers |
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174 } |
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175 } |
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176 |
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177 |
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178 Common elements: |
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179 ---------------- |
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180 |
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181 reserved_bytes: |
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182 for(i=0; i<forward_ptr - length_of_non_reserved; i++) |
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183 reserved u(8) |
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184 [a demuxer MUST ignore any reserved bytes |
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185 a muxer MUST NOT write any reserved bytes, as this would make it |
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186 impossible to add new fields at the end of packets in the future |
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187 in a compatible way] |
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188 |
17845 | 189 packet_header |
190 startcode f(64) | |
191 forward_ptr v | |
192 if(forward_ptr > 4096) | |
193 header_checksum u(32) | |
194 | |
195 packet_footer | |
196 reserved_bytes | |
197 checksum u(32) | |
17873 | 198 [Note: in index packet, reserved_bytes comes before index_ptr] |
17845 | 199 |
200 reserved_headers | |
201 while(next_byte == 'N' && next_code != main_startcode | |
202 && next_code != stream_startcode | |
203 && next_code != info_startcode | |
204 && next_code != index_startcode | |
205 && next_code != syncpoint_startcode){ | |
206 packet_header | |
207 packet_footer | |
208 } | |
209 | |
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210 Headers: |
10824 | 211 |
20619 | 212 main_header: |
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213 version v |
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214 stream_count v |
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215 max_distance v |
17872 | 216 time_base_count v |
217 for(i=0; i<time_base_count; i++) | |
218 time_base_nom v | |
219 time_base_denom v | |
220 time_base[i]= time_base_nom/time_base_denom | |
17437 | 221 tmp_pts=0 |
222 tmp_mul=1 | |
223 tmp_stream=0 | |
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224 for(i=0; i<256; ){ |
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225 tmp_flag v |
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226 tmp_fields v |
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227 if(tmp_fields>0) tmp_pts s |
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228 if(tmp_fields>1) tmp_mul v |
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229 if(tmp_fields>2) tmp_stream v |
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230 if(tmp_fields>3) tmp_size v |
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231 else tmp_size=0 |
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232 if(tmp_fields>4) tmp_res v |
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233 else tmp_res=0 |
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234 if(tmp_fields>5) count v |
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235 else count= tmp_mul - tmp_size |
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236 for(j=6; j<tmp_fields; j++){ |
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237 tmp_reserved[i] v |
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238 } |
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239 for(j=0; j<count && i<256; j++, i++){ |
17612 | 240 if (i == 'N') { |
17718 | 241 flags[i]= FLAG_INVALID; |
17612 | 242 j--; |
243 continue; | |
244 } | |
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245 flags[i]= tmp_flag; |
17887 | 246 stream_id[i]= tmp_stream; |
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247 data_size_mul[i]= tmp_mul; |
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248 data_size_lsb[i]= tmp_size + j; |
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249 pts_delta[i]= tmp_pts; |
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250 reserved_count[i]= tmp_res; |
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251 } |
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252 } |
9294 | 253 |
254 stream_header: | |
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255 stream_id v |
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256 stream_class v |
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257 fourcc vb |
17872 | 258 time_base_id v |
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259 msb_pts_shift v |
17577 | 260 max_pts_distance v |
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261 decode_delay v |
17939 | 262 stream_flags v |
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263 codec_specific_data vb |
17640 | 264 if(stream_class == video){ |
265 width v | |
266 height v | |
267 sample_width v | |
268 sample_height v | |
269 colorspace_type v | |
270 }else if(stream_class == audio){ | |
271 samplerate_nom v | |
272 samplerate_denom v | |
273 channel_count v | |
274 } | |
16429 | 275 |
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276 Basic Packets: |
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277 |
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278 frame: |
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279 frame_code f(8) |
17718 | 280 frame_flags= flags[frame_code] |
281 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED){ | |
282 coded_flags v | |
283 frame_flags ^= coded_flags | |
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284 } |
17887 | 285 if(frame_flags&FLAG_STREAM_ID){ |
286 stream_id v | |
287 } | |
288 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED_PTS){ | |
289 coded_pts v | |
290 } | |
17718 | 291 if(frame_flags&FLAG_SIZE_MSB){ |
292 data_size_msb v | |
17437 | 293 } |
17887 | 294 if(frame_flags&FLAG_RESERVED) |
295 reserved_count[frame_code] v | |
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296 for(i=0; i<reserved_count[frame_code]; i++) |
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297 reserved v |
17723 | 298 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CHECKSUM){ |
17711 | 299 checksum u(32) |
17584 | 300 } |
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301 data |
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302 |
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303 index: |
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304 max_pts t |
17438 | 305 syncpoints v |
17720 | 306 for(i=0; i<syncpoints; i++){ |
17800 | 307 syncpoint_pos_div16 v |
17438 | 308 } |
309 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ | |
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310 last_pts= -1 |
17720 | 311 for(j=0; j<syncpoints; ){ |
17438 | 312 x v |
313 type= x & 1 | |
314 x>>=1 | |
17455 | 315 n=j |
17438 | 316 if(type){ |
317 flag= x & 1 | |
318 x>>=1 | |
319 while(x--) | |
17455 | 320 has_keyframe[n++][i]=flag |
321 has_keyframe[n++][i]=!flag; | |
17438 | 322 }else{ |
323 while(x != 1){ | |
17455 | 324 has_keyframe[n++][i]=x&1; |
17438 | 325 x>>=1; |
326 } | |
327 } | |
17455 | 328 for(; j<n && j<syncpoints; j++){ |
329 if (!has_keyframe[j][i]) continue | |
330 A v | |
17531 | 331 if(!A){ |
332 A v | |
333 B v | |
334 eor_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A + B | |
335 }else | |
336 B=0 | |
337 keyframe_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A | |
338 last_pts += A + B | |
17455 | 339 } |
17438 | 340 } |
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341 } |
17873 | 342 reserved_bytes |
17726 | 343 index_ptr u(64) |
9294 | 344 |
17711 | 345 info_packet: |
17669 | 346 stream_id_plus1 v |
347 chapter_id v | |
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348 chapter_start t |
17708 | 349 chapter_len v |
17669 | 350 count v |
351 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ | |
352 name vb | |
353 value s | |
354 if (value==-1){ | |
355 type= "UTF-8" | |
356 value vb | |
357 }else if (value==-2){ | |
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358 type vb |
17669 | 359 value vb |
360 }else if (value==-3){ | |
17685 | 361 type= "s" |
17326 | 362 value s |
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363 }else if (value==-4){ |
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364 type= "t" |
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365 value t |
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366 }else if (value<-4){ |
17685 | 367 type= "r" |
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368 value.den= -value-4 |
17669 | 369 value.num s |
370 }else{ | |
17685 | 371 type= "v" |
17669 | 372 } |
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373 } |
16506 | 374 |
17326 | 375 syncpoint: |
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376 global_key_pts t |
17800 | 377 back_ptr_div16 v |
12413 | 378 |
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379 Complete definition: |
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380 |
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381 |
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382 Tag description: |
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383 ---------------- |
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384 |
12242 | 385 file_id_string |
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386 "nut/multimedia container\0" |
9323 | 387 |
388 *_startcode | |
20468 | 389 all startcodes start with 'N' |
12162 | 390 |
391 main_startcode | |
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392 0x7A561F5F04ADULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'M')<<48) |
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393 |
12162 | 394 stream_starcode |
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395 0x11405BF2F9DBULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'S')<<48) |
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396 |
17326 | 397 syncpoint_startcode |
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398 0xE4ADEECA4569ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'K')<<48) |
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399 |
12162 | 400 index_startcode |
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401 0xDD672F23E64EULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'X')<<48) |
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402 |
12162 | 403 info_startcode |
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404 0xAB68B596BA78ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'I')<<48) |
9294 | 405 |
406 version | |
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407 NUT version. The current value is 3. All lower values are pre-freeze |
12238 | 408 |
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409 forward_ptr |
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410 size of the packet data (exactly the distance from the first byte |
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411 after the packet_header to the first byte of the next packet) |
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412 |
12333 | 413 max_distance |
17944 | 414 max distance between startcodes. If p1 and p2 are the byte |
415 positions of the first byte of two consecutive startcodes, then | |
416 p2-p1 MUST be less than or equal to max_distance unless the entire | |
417 span from p1 to p2 comprises a single packet or a syncpoint | |
418 followed by a single frame. This imposition places efficient upper | |
419 bounds on seek operations and allows for the detection of damaged | |
420 frame headers, should a chain of frame headers pass max_distance | |
421 without encountering any startcode. | |
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422 |
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423 syncpoints SHOULD be placed immediately before a keyframe if the |
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424 previous frame of the same stream was a non-keyframe, unless such |
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425 non-keyframe - keyframe transitions are very frequent |
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426 |
17722 | 427 SHOULD be set to <=32768 |
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428 if the stored value is >65536 then max_distance MUST be set to 65536 |
12501 | 429 |
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430 This is also half the max frame size without a checksum after the |
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431 frameheader. |
17799 | 432 |
433 | |
17577 | 434 max_pts_distance |
435 max absoloute difference of pts of new frame from last_pts in the | |
17944 | 436 timebase of the stream, without a checksum after the frameheader. |
437 A frame header MUST include a checksum if abs(pts-last_pts) is | |
438 strictly greater than max_pts_distance. | |
17711 | 439 Note that last_pts is not necessarily the pts of the last frame |
17577 | 440 on the same stream, as it is altered by syncpoint timestamps. |
17801 | 441 SHOULD NOT be higher than 1/timebase |
17577 | 442 |
16429 | 443 stream_id |
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444 Stream identifier |
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445 stream_id MUST be < stream_count |
9294 | 446 |
447 stream_class | |
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448 0 video |
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449 1 audio |
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450 2 subtiles |
17793 | 451 3 userdata |
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452 Note: the remaining values are reserved and MUST NOT be used |
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453 a demuxer MUST ignore streams with reserved classes |
9294 | 454 |
455 fourcc | |
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456 identification for the codec |
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457 example: "H264" |
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458 MUST contain 2 or 4 bytes, note, this might be increased in the future |
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459 if needed |
18899 | 460 the id values used are the same as in avi, so if a codec uses a specific |
461 fourcc in avi then the same fourcc MUST be used here | |
9294 | 462 |
9297 | 463 time_base_nom / time_base_denom = time_base |
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464 the length of a timer tick in seconds, this MUST be equal to the 1/fps |
17939 | 465 if FLAG_FIXED_FPS is set |
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466 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0 |
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467 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime |
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468 time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31 |
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469 examples: |
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470 fps time_base_nom time_base_denom |
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471 30 1 30 |
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472 29.97 1001 30000 |
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473 23.976 1001 24000 |
17883 | 474 There MUST NOT be 2 identical timebases in a file. |
475 There SHOULD NOT be more timebases than streams. | |
9294 | 476 |
17872 | 477 time_base_id |
478 id to time_base table | |
479 | |
17328 | 480 convert_ts |
481 To switch from 2 different timebases, the following calculation is | |
482 defined: | |
12413 | 483 |
17328 | 484 ln = from_time_base_nom*to_time_base_denom |
485 sn = from_timestamp | |
486 d1 = from_time_base_denom | |
487 d2 = to_time_base_nom | |
488 timestamp = (ln/d1*sn + ln%d1*sn/d1)/d2 | |
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489 Note: this calculation MUST be done with unsigned 64 bit integers, and |
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490 is equivalent to (ln*sn)/(d1*d2) but this would require a 96bit integer |
12413 | 491 |
17532 | 492 compare_ts |
493 Compares timestamps from 2 different timebases, | |
494 if a is before b then compare_ts(a, b) = -1 | |
495 if a is after b then compare_ts(a, b) = 1 | |
496 else compare_ts(a, b) = 0 | |
497 | |
498 Care must be taken that this is done exactly with no rounding errors, | |
499 simply casting to float or double and doing the obvious | |
500 a*timebase > b*timebase is not compliant or correct, neither is the | |
501 same with integers, and | |
502 a*a_timebase.num*b_timebase.den > b*b_timebase.num*a_timebase.den | |
503 will overflow. One possible implementation which shouldn't overflow | |
504 within the range of legal timestamps and timebases is: | |
505 | |
506 if (convert_ts(a, a_timebase, b_timebase) < b) return -1; | |
507 if (convert_ts(b, b_timebase, a_timebase) < a) return 1; | |
508 return 0; | |
509 | |
16429 | 510 msb_pts_shift |
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511 amount of bits in lsb_pts |
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512 MUST be <16 |
9294 | 513 |
12333 | 514 decode_delay |
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515 maximum time between input and output for a codec, used to generate |
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516 dts from pts |
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517 is set to 0 for streams without B-frames, and set to 1 for streams with |
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518 B-frames, may be larger for future codecs |
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519 decode_delay MUST NOT be set higher than necessary for a codec. |
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520 |
17939 | 521 stream_flags |
522 Bit Name Description | |
523 1 FLAG_FIXED_FPS indicates that the fps is fixed | |
9294 | 524 |
9356 | 525 codec_specific_data |
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526 private global data for a codec (could be huffman tables or ...) |
19105 | 527 if a codec has a global header it SHOULD be placed in here instead of |
528 at the start of every keyframe | |
529 the exact format is specified in the codec spec | |
19121 | 530 for H.264 the NAL units MUST be formated as in a bytestream |
531 (with 00 00 01 prefixes) | |
12082 | 532 |
533 frame_code | |
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534 the meaning of this byte is stored in the main header |
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535 the value 78 ('N') is forbidden to ensure that the byte is always |
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536 different from the first byte of any startcode |
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537 a muxer SHOULD mark 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid to improve error |
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538 detection |
9420 | 539 |
17718 | 540 flags[frame_code], frame_flags |
17940 | 541 Bit Name Description |
17809 | 542 1 FLAG_KEY if set, frame is keyframe |
543 2 FLAG_EOR if set, stream has no relevance on | |
17824 | 544 presentation. (EOR) |
17887 | 545 8 FLAG_CODED_PTS if set, coded_pts is in the frame header |
546 16 FLAG_STREAM_ID if set, stream_id is coded in the frame header | |
17809 | 547 32 FLAG_SIZE_MSB if set, data_size_msb is at frame header, |
548 otherwise data_size_msb is 0 | |
549 64 FLAG_CHECKSUM if set then the frame header contains a checksum | |
17887 | 550 128 FLAG_RESERVED if set, reserved_count is coded in the frame header |
17809 | 551 4096 FLAG_CODED if set, coded_flags are stored in the frame header. |
552 8192 FLAG_INVALID if set, frame_code is invalid. | |
17437 | 553 |
554 EOR frames MUST be zero-length and must be set keyframe. | |
555 All streams SHOULD end with EOR, where the pts of the EOR indicates the | |
556 end presentation time of the final frame. | |
557 An EOR set stream is unset by the first content frames. | |
17551 | 558 EOR can only be unset in streams with zero decode_delay . |
17944 | 559 FLAG_CHECKSUM MUST be set if the frame's data_size is strictly greater than |
560 2*max_distance or the difference abs(pts-last_pts) is strictly greater than | |
561 max_pts_distance (where pts represents this frame's pts and last_pts is | |
562 defined as below). | |
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563 |
20460 | 564 last_pts |
565 the timestamp of the last frame with the same stream_id as the current | |
566 if there is no such frame between the last syncpoint and the current | |
567 frame then the syncpoint timestamp is used, see global_key_pts | |
568 | |
17887 | 569 stream_id[frame_code] |
17826 | 570 MUST be <250 |
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571 |
12082 | 572 data_size_mul[frame_code] |
17826 | 573 MUST be <16384 |
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574 |
12082 | 575 data_size_lsb[frame_code] |
17826 | 576 MUST be <16384 |
12082 | 577 |
16429 | 578 pts_delta[frame_code] |
17826 | 579 MUST be <16384 and >-16384 |
20460 | 580 if FLAG_CODED_PTS is set in the flags of the current frame then this |
581 value MUST be ignored, if FLAG_CODED_PTS is not set then pts_delta is the | |
582 difference between the current pts and last_pts | |
12413 | 583 |
17640 | 584 reserved_count[frame_code] |
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585 MUST be <256 |
17640 | 586 |
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587 data_size |
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588 data_size= data_size_lsb + data_size_msb*data_size_mul; |
12082 | 589 |
16429 | 590 coded_pts |
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591 if coded_pts < (1<<msb_pts_shift) then it is an lsb |
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592 pts, otherwise it is a full pts + (1<<msb_pts_shift) |
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593 lsb pts is converted to a full pts by: |
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594 mask = (1<<msb_pts_shift)-1; |
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595 delta = last_pts - mask/2 |
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596 pts = ((pts_lsb-delta)&mask) + delta |
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597 |
16429 | 598 lsb_pts |
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599 least significant bits of the pts in time_base precision |
9294 | 600 Example: IBBP display order |
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601 keyframe pts=0 -> pts=0 |
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602 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=3 |
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603 frame lsb_pts=1 -> pts=1 |
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604 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=2 |
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605 ... |
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606 keyframe msb_pts=257 -> pts=257 |
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607 frame lsb_pts=255 -> pts=255 |
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608 frame lsb_pts=0 -> pts=256 |
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609 frame lsb_pts=4 -> pts=260 |
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610 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=258 |
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611 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=259 |
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612 all pts's of keyframes of a single stream MUST be monotone |
9294 | 613 |
12333 | 614 dts |
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615 dts is calculated by using a decode_delay+1 sized buffer for each |
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616 stream, into which the current pts is inserted and the element with |
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617 the smallest value is removed, this is then the current dts |
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618 this buffer is initalized with decode_delay -1 elements |
17327 | 619 |
620 Pts of all frames in all streams MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all | |
17437 | 621 previous frames in all streams, compared in common timebase. (EOR |
622 frames are NOT exempt from this rule) | |
12333 | 623 |
9294 | 624 width/height |
17730 | 625 MUST be set to the coded width/height, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 626 |
627 sample_width/sample_height (aspect ratio) | |
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628 sample_width is the horizontal distance between samples |
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629 sample_width and sample_height MUST be relatively prime if not zero |
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630 both MUST be 0 if unknown otherwise both MUST be non zero |
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631 |
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632 colorspace_type |
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633 0 unknown |
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634 1 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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635 2 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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636 17 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
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637 18 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
10166 | 638 |
12333 | 639 samplerate_nom / samplerate_denom = samplerate |
17730 | 640 the number of samples per second, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 641 |
17683 | 642 crc32 checksum |
17710 | 643 Generator polynomial is 0x104C11DB7. Starting value is zero. |
17683 | 644 |
9294 | 645 checksum |
17577 | 646 crc32 checksum |
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647 checksum is calculated for the area pointed to by forward_ptr not |
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648 including the checksum itself (from first byte after the |
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649 packet_header until last byte before the checksum). |
17711 | 650 for frame headers the checksum contains the framecode byte and all |
651 following bytes upto the checksum itself | |
9294 | 652 |
17792 | 653 header_checksum |
654 checksum over the startcode and forward pointer | |
655 | |
17640 | 656 Syncpoint tags: |
657 --------------- | |
658 | |
17800 | 659 back_ptr_div16 |
660 back_ptr = back_ptr_div16 * 16 + 15 | |
661 back_ptr must point to a position within 16 bytes of a syncpoint | |
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662 startcode. This syncpoint MUST be the closest syncpoint such that at |
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663 least one keyframe with a pts lower or equal to the original syncpoint's |
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664 global_key_pts for all streams lies between it and the current syncpoint. |
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665 |
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666 A stream where EOR is set is to be ignored for back_ptr. |
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667 |
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668 global_key_pts |
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669 After a syncpoint, last_pts of each stream is to be set to: |
17872 | 670 last_pts[i] = convert_ts(global_key_pts, time_base[id], time_base[i]) |
17439
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671 |
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672 global_key_pts MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all past frames across |
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673 all streams, and smaller or equal to pts of all future frames. |
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674 |
17640 | 675 Index tags: |
676 ----------- | |
677 | |
16429 | 678 max_pts |
17796
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universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
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679 The highest pts in the entire file |
9294 | 680 |
17800 | 681 syncpoint_pos_div16 |
682 offset from begginning of file to up to 15 bytes before the syncpoint | |
17438 | 683 referred to in this index entry. Relative to position of last |
684 syncpoint. | |
685 | |
686 has_keyframe | |
687 indicates whether this stream has a keyframe between this syncpoint and | |
688 the last syncpoint. | |
689 | |
690 keyframe_pts | |
691 The pts of the first keyframe for this stream in the region between the | |
17531 | 692 2 syncpoints, in the stream's timebase. (EOR frames are also keyframes) |
693 | |
694 eor_pts | |
695 Coded only if EOR is set at the position of the syncpoint. The pts of | |
696 that EOR. EOR is unset by the first keyframe after it. | |
9294 | 697 |
16429 | 698 index_ptr |
17726 | 699 Length in bytes of the entire index, from the first byte of the |
700 startcode until the last byte of the checksum. | |
701 Note: A demuxer can use this to find the index when it is written at | |
702 EOF, as index_ptr will always be 12 bytes before the end of file if | |
703 there is an index at all. | |
704 | |
16429 | 705 |
17640 | 706 Info tags: |
707 ---------- | |
708 | |
17669 | 709 stream_id_plus1 |
710 Stream this info packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
711 file. | |
712 | |
713 chapter_id | |
714 Id of chapter this packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
715 file. Positive chapter_id's are real chapters and MUST NOT overlap. | |
716 Negative chapter_id indicate a sub region of file and not a real | |
717 chapter. chapter_id MUST be unique to the region it represents. | |
17711 | 718 chapter_id n MUST not be used unless there are at least n chapters in the |
719 file | |
17669 | 720 |
721 chapter_start | |
17796
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722 timestamp of start of chapter |
17669 | 723 |
724 chapter_len | |
725 Length of chapter in same timebase of chapter_start. | |
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726 |
9323 | 727 type |
16686
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728 for example: "UTF8" -> string or "JPEG" -> JPEG image |
17685 | 729 "v" -> unsigned integer |
730 "s" -> signed integer | |
731 "r" -> rational | |
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732 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
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733 Note: MUST be less than 6 byte long (might be increased to 64 later) |
9323 | 734 |
13308
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735 info packet types |
16686
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736 the name of the info entry, valid names are |
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737 "Author" |
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738 "Description" |
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739 "Copyright" |
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740 "Encoder" |
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741 the name & version of the software used for encoding |
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742 "Title" |
17669 | 743 "Cover" (allowed types are "PNG" and "JPEG") |
16686
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744 image of the (CD, DVD, VHS, ..) cover (preferably PNG or JPEG) |
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745 "Source" |
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746 "DVD", "VCD", "CD", "MD", "FM radio", "VHS", "TV", "LD" |
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747 Optional: appended PAL, NTSC, SECAM, ... in parentheses |
18899 | 748 "SourceContainer" |
749 "nut", "mkv", "mov", "avi", "ogg", "rm", "mpeg-ps", "mpeg-ts", "raw" | |
750 "SourceCodecTag" | |
751 the source codec id like a fourcc which was used to store a specific | |
752 stream in its SourceContainer | |
16686
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753 "CaptureDevice" |
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754 "BT878", "BT848", "webcam", ... (more exact names are fine too) |
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755 "CreationTime" |
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756 "2003-01-20 20:13:15Z", ... |
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757 (ISO 8601 format, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html) |
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758 Note: do not forget the timezone |
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759 "Keywords" |
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760 "Language" |
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761 ISO 639 and ISO 3166 for language/country code |
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762 something like "eng" (US english), can be 0 if unknown |
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763 and "multi" if several languages |
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764 see http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html |
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765 and http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html |
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766 the language code |
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767 "Disposition" |
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768 "original", "dub" (translated), "comment", "lyrics", "karaoke" |
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769 Note: if someone needs some others, please tell us about them, so we |
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770 can add them to the official standard (if they are sane) |
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771 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
17686 | 772 Note: names of fields SHOULD be in English if a word with the same |
17653 | 773 meaning exists in English |
16686
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774 Note: MUST be less than 64 bytes long |
9295 | 775 |
776 value | |
16686
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777 value of this name/type pair |
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778 |
9310 | 779 stuffing |
16686
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780 0x80 can be placed in front of any type v entry for stuffing purposes |
17797
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781 except the forward_ptr and all fields in the frame header where a |
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782 maximum of 8 stuffing bytes per field are allowed |
9294 | 783 |
16842
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784 |
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785 Structure: |
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786 ---------- |
9294 | 787 |
788 the headers MUST be in exactly the following order (to simplify demuxer design) | |
789 main header | |
790 stream_header (id=0) | |
791 stream_header (id=1) | |
792 ... | |
793 stream_header (id=n) | |
794 | |
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795 headers may be repeated, but if they are, then they MUST all be repeated |
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796 together and repeated headers MUST be identical |
17547 | 797 |
798 Each set of repeated headers not at the beginning or end of the file SHOULD | |
799 be stored at the earliest possible position after 2^x where x is | |
15008
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800 an integer and the file end, so the headers may be repeated at 4102 if that is |
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801 the closest position after 2^12=4096 at which the headers can be placed |
9294 | 802 |
17547 | 803 Note: this allows an implementation reading the file to locate backup |
804 headers in O(log filesize) time as opposed to O(filesize) | |
805 | |
15008
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806 headers MUST be placed at least at the start of the file and immediately before |
12501 | 807 the index or at the file end if there is no index |
16428 | 808 headers MUST be repeated at least twice (so they exist three times in a file) |
9295 | 809 |
16685 | 810 there MUST be a sync point immediately before the first frame after any headers |
12503 | 811 |
16842
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812 |
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813 Index: |
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814 ------ |
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815 |
15008
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816 Note: with realtime streaming, there is no end, so no index there either |
17533 | 817 Index MAY only be repeated after main headers. |
17726 | 818 If an index is written anywhere in the file, it MUST be written at end of |
819 file as well. | |
9310 | 820 |
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821 |
17669 | 822 Info: |
823 ----- | |
824 | |
17771 | 825 If a info packet is stored anywhere then a muxer MUST also store an identical |
826 info packet after every main-stream-header set | |
9310 | 827 |
17771 | 828 If a demuxer has seen several info packets with the same chapter_id and |
829 stream_id then it MUST ignore all but the one with the highest position in | |
830 the file | |
17669 | 831 |
17771 | 832 demxuxers SHOULD not search the whole file for info packets |
16842
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833 |
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834 demuxer (non-normative): |
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835 ------------------------ |
12501 | 836 |
16428 | 837 in the absence of a valid header at the beginning, players SHOULD search for |
838 backup headers starting at offset 2^x; for each x players SHOULD end their | |
839 search at a particular offset when any startcode is found (including syncpoint) | |
12501 | 840 |
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841 |
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842 |
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843 Semantic requirements: |
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|
844 ====================== |
16429 | 845 |
17018
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Change MUST to SHOULD have disposition and if applicable language tags.
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846 If more than one stream of a given stream class is present, each one SHOULD |
16429 | 847 have info tags specifying disposition, and if applicable, language. |
17018
baf593fcf738
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848 It often highly improves usability and is therefore strongly encouraged. |
16429 | 849 |
850 A demuxer MUST NOT demux a stream which contains more than one stream, or which | |
851 is wrapped in a structure to facilitate more than one stream or otherwise | |
852 duplicate the role of a container. any such file is to be considered invalid. | |
17798
2d02868030f0
double muxing examples (cant hurt to explictly mention the most common)
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853 for example vorbis in ogg in nut is invalid, as is |
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854 mpegvideo+mpegaudio in mpeg-ps/ts in nut or dvvideo + dvaudio in dv in nut |
16429 | 855 |
12501 | 856 |
16842
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857 |
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858 Sample code (Public Domain, & untested): |
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859 ======================================== |
9294 | 860 |
861 typedef BufferContext{ | |
16686
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862 uint8_t *buf; |
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863 uint8_t *buf_ptr; |
9294 | 864 }BufferContext; |
865 | |
866 static inline uint64_t get_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count){ | |
16686
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867 uint64_t val=0; |
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868 |
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869 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 870 |
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871 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ |
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872 val <<=8; |
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873 val += *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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874 } |
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875 |
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876 return val; |
9294 | 877 } |
878 | |
879 static inline void put_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count, uint64_t val){ | |
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880 uint64_t val=0; |
9294 | 881 |
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882 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 883 |
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884 for(i=count-1; i>=0; i--){ |
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885 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val >> (8*i); |
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886 } |
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887 |
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888 return val; |
9294 | 889 } |
890 | |
10061 | 891 static inline uint64_t get_v(BufferContext *bc){ |
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892 uint64_t val= 0; |
9294 | 893 |
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894 for(; space_left(bc) > 0; ){ |
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895 int tmp= *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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896 if(tmp&0x80) |
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897 val= (val<<7) + tmp - 0x80; |
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898 else |
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899 return (val<<7) + tmp; |
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900 } |
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901 |
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902 return -1; |
9294 | 903 } |
904 | |
10061 | 905 static inline int put_v(BufferContext *bc, uint64_t val){ |
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906 int i; |
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907 |
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908 if(space_left(bc) < 9) return -1; |
9294 | 909 |
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910 val &= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; // FIXME can only encode upto 63 bits currently |
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911 for(i=7; ; i+=7){ |
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912 if(val>>i == 0) break; |
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913 } |
9294 | 914 |
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915 for(i-=7; i>0; i-=7){ |
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916 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= 0x80 | (val>>i); |
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917 } |
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918 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val&0x7F; |
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919 |
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920 return 0; |
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*signed int vlc (needs only 5 lines of code so its no increase of complexity)
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921 } |
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922 |
12333 | 923 static int64_t get_dts(int64_t pts, int64_t *pts_cache, int delay, int reset){ |
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924 if(reset) memset(pts_cache, -1, delay*sizeof(int64_t)); |
12333 | 925 |
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926 while(delay--){ |
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927 int64_t t= pts_cache[delay]; |
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928 if(t < pts){ |
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929 pts_cache[delay]= pts; |
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930 pts= t; |
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931 } |
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932 } |
12333 | 933 |
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934 return pts; |
12333 | 935 } |
936 | |
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937 |
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938 |
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939 Authors: |
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940 ======== |
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941 |
16428 | 942 Folks from the MPlayer developers mailing list (http://www.mplayerhq.hu/). |
943 Authors in alphabetical order: (FIXME! Tell us if we left you out) | |
16843 | 944 Beregszaszi, Alex (alex@fsn.hu) |
945 Bunkus, Moritz (moritz@bunkus.org) | |
946 Diedrich, Tobias (ranma+mplayer@tdiedrich.de) | |
947 Felker, Rich (dalias@aerifal.cx) | |
948 Franz, Fabian (FabianFranz@gmx.de) | |
949 Gereoffy, Arpad (arpi@thot.banki.hu) | |
950 Hess, Andreas (jaska@gmx.net) | |
951 Niedermayer, Michael (michaelni@gmx.at) | |
952 Shimon, Oded (ods15@ods15.dyndns.org) |