Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/tech/nut.txt @ 20619:fd2cd70ecc3f
main header typo
author | michael |
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date | Fri, 03 Nov 2006 13:53:29 +0000 |
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1 ================================== |
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2 NUT Open Container Format 20060713 |
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3 ================================== |
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5 | |
6 | |
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7 Intro: |
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8 ====== |
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9 |
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10 Features / goals: |
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11 (supported by the format, not necessarily by a specific implementation) |
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12 |
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13 Simple |
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14 use the same encoding for nearly all fields |
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15 simple decoding, so slow CPUs (and embedded systems) can handle it |
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16 |
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17 Extendible |
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18 no limit for the possible values of all fields (using universal vlc) |
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19 allow adding of new headers in the future |
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20 allow adding more fields at the end of headers |
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21 |
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22 Compact |
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23 ~0.2% overhead, for normal bitrates |
17438 | 24 index is <100kb per hour |
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25 a usual header for a file is about 100 bytes (audio + video headers together) |
17326 | 26 a packet header is about ~1-5 bytes |
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27 |
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28 Error resistant |
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29 seeking / playback without an index |
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30 headers & index can be repeated |
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31 damaged files can be played back with minimal data loss and fast |
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32 resync times |
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33 |
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34 The spec is frozen. All files following spec will be compatible unless the |
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35 spec is unfrozen. |
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36 |
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37 |
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38 Definitions: |
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39 ============ |
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40 |
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41 MUST the specific part must be done to conform to this standard |
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42 SHOULD it is recommended to be done that way, but not strictly required |
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43 |
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44 |
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45 |
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46 Syntax: |
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47 ======= |
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16428 | 49 Since NUT heavily uses variable length fields, the simplest way to describe it |
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50 is using a pseudocode approach. |
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51 |
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52 |
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53 |
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54 Conventions: |
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55 ============ |
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56 |
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57 The data types have a name, used in the bitstream syntax description, a short |
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58 text description and a pseudocode (functional) definition, optional notes may |
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59 follow: |
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60 |
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61 name (text description) |
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62 functional definition |
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63 [Optional notes] |
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64 |
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65 The bitstream syntax elements have a tagname and a functional definition, they |
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66 are presented in a bottom up approach, again optional notes may follow and |
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67 are reproduced in the tag description: |
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68 |
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69 name: (optional note) |
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70 functional definition |
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71 [Optional notes] |
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72 |
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73 The in-depth tag description follows the bitstream syntax. |
16428 | 74 The functional definition has a C-like syntax. |
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75 |
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76 |
12209 | 77 |
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78 Type definitions: |
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79 ================= |
12209 | 80 |
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81 f(n) (n fixed bits in big-endian order) |
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82 u(n) (unsigned number encoded in n bits in MSB-first order) |
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83 |
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84 v (variable length value, unsigned) |
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85 value=0 |
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86 do{ |
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87 more_data u(1) |
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88 data u(7) |
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89 value= 128*value + data |
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90 }while(more_data) |
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91 |
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92 s (variable length value, signed) |
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93 temp v |
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94 temp++ |
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95 if(temp&1) value= -(temp>>1) |
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96 else value= (temp>>1) |
9323 | 97 |
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98 b (binary data or string, to be use in vb, see below) |
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99 for(i=0; i<length; i++){ |
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100 data[i] u(8) |
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101 } |
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102 [Note: strings MUST be encoded in UTF-8] |
17835 | 103 [Note: the character NUL (U+0000) is not legal within |
104 or at the end of a string.] | |
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106 vb (variable length binary data or string) |
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107 length v |
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108 value b |
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110 t (v coded universal timestamp) |
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111 tmp v |
17872 | 112 id= tmp % time_base_count |
113 value= (tmp / time_base_count) * time_base[id] | |
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115 |
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116 Bitstream syntax: |
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117 ================= |
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118 |
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119 file: |
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120 file_id_string |
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121 while(!eof){ |
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122 if(next_byte == 'N'){ |
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123 packet_header |
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124 switch(startcode){ |
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125 case main_startcode: main_header; break; |
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126 case stream_startcode:stream_header; break; |
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127 case info_startcode: info_packet; break; |
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128 case index_startcode: index; break; |
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129 case syncpoint_startcode: syncpoint; break; |
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130 } |
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131 packet_footer |
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132 }else |
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133 frame |
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134 } |
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135 |
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136 the structure of a undamaged file should look like the following, but |
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137 demuxers should be flexible and be able to deal with damaged headers so the |
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138 above is a better loop in practice (not to mention its simpler) |
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139 note, demuxers MUST be able to deal with new and unknown headers |
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140 |
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141 file: |
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142 file_id_string |
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143 while(!eof){ |
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144 packet_header, main_header, packet_footer |
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145 reserved_headers |
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146 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ |
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147 packet_header, stream_header, packet_footer |
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148 reserved_headers |
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149 } |
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150 while(next_code == info_startcode){ |
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151 packet_header, info_packet, packet_footer |
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152 reserved_headers |
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153 } |
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154 if(next_code == index_startcode){ |
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155 packet_header, index_packet, packet_footer |
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156 } |
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157 if (!eof) while(next_code != main_startcode){ |
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158 if(next_code == syncpoint_startcode){ |
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159 packet_header, syncpoint, packet_footer |
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160 } |
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161 frame |
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162 reserved_headers |
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163 } |
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164 } |
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165 |
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166 |
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167 Common elements: |
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168 ---------------- |
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169 |
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170 reserved_bytes: |
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171 for(i=0; i<forward_ptr - length_of_non_reserved; i++) |
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172 reserved u(8) |
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173 [a demuxer MUST ignore any reserved bytes |
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174 a muxer MUST NOT write any reserved bytes, as this would make it |
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175 impossible to add new fields at the end of packets in the future |
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176 in a compatible way] |
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177 |
17845 | 178 packet_header |
179 startcode f(64) | |
180 forward_ptr v | |
181 if(forward_ptr > 4096) | |
182 header_checksum u(32) | |
183 | |
184 packet_footer | |
185 reserved_bytes | |
186 checksum u(32) | |
17873 | 187 [Note: in index packet, reserved_bytes comes before index_ptr] |
17845 | 188 |
189 reserved_headers | |
190 while(next_byte == 'N' && next_code != main_startcode | |
191 && next_code != stream_startcode | |
192 && next_code != info_startcode | |
193 && next_code != index_startcode | |
194 && next_code != syncpoint_startcode){ | |
195 packet_header | |
196 packet_footer | |
197 } | |
198 | |
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199 Headers: |
10824 | 200 |
20619 | 201 main_header: |
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202 version v |
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203 stream_count v |
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204 max_distance v |
17872 | 205 time_base_count v |
206 for(i=0; i<time_base_count; i++) | |
207 time_base_nom v | |
208 time_base_denom v | |
209 time_base[i]= time_base_nom/time_base_denom | |
17437 | 210 tmp_pts=0 |
211 tmp_mul=1 | |
212 tmp_stream=0 | |
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213 for(i=0; i<256; ){ |
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214 tmp_flag v |
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215 tmp_fields v |
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216 if(tmp_fields>0) tmp_pts s |
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217 if(tmp_fields>1) tmp_mul v |
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218 if(tmp_fields>2) tmp_stream v |
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219 if(tmp_fields>3) tmp_size v |
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220 else tmp_size=0 |
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221 if(tmp_fields>4) tmp_res v |
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222 else tmp_res=0 |
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223 if(tmp_fields>5) count v |
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224 else count= tmp_mul - tmp_size |
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225 for(j=6; j<tmp_fields; j++){ |
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226 tmp_reserved[i] v |
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227 } |
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228 for(j=0; j<count && i<256; j++, i++){ |
17612 | 229 if (i == 'N') { |
17718 | 230 flags[i]= FLAG_INVALID; |
17612 | 231 j--; |
232 continue; | |
233 } | |
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234 flags[i]= tmp_flag; |
17887 | 235 stream_id[i]= tmp_stream; |
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236 data_size_mul[i]= tmp_mul; |
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237 data_size_lsb[i]= tmp_size + j; |
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238 pts_delta[i]= tmp_pts; |
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239 reserved_count[i]= tmp_res; |
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240 } |
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241 } |
9294 | 242 |
243 stream_header: | |
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244 stream_id v |
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245 stream_class v |
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246 fourcc vb |
17872 | 247 time_base_id v |
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248 msb_pts_shift v |
17577 | 249 max_pts_distance v |
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250 decode_delay v |
17939 | 251 stream_flags v |
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252 codec_specific_data vb |
17640 | 253 if(stream_class == video){ |
254 width v | |
255 height v | |
256 sample_width v | |
257 sample_height v | |
258 colorspace_type v | |
259 }else if(stream_class == audio){ | |
260 samplerate_nom v | |
261 samplerate_denom v | |
262 channel_count v | |
263 } | |
16429 | 264 |
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265 Basic Packets: |
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266 |
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267 frame: |
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268 frame_code f(8) |
17718 | 269 frame_flags= flags[frame_code] |
270 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED){ | |
271 coded_flags v | |
272 frame_flags ^= coded_flags | |
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273 } |
17887 | 274 if(frame_flags&FLAG_STREAM_ID){ |
275 stream_id v | |
276 } | |
277 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED_PTS){ | |
278 coded_pts v | |
279 } | |
17718 | 280 if(frame_flags&FLAG_SIZE_MSB){ |
281 data_size_msb v | |
17437 | 282 } |
17887 | 283 if(frame_flags&FLAG_RESERVED) |
284 reserved_count[frame_code] v | |
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285 for(i=0; i<reserved_count[frame_code]; i++) |
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286 reserved v |
17723 | 287 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CHECKSUM){ |
17711 | 288 checksum u(32) |
17584 | 289 } |
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290 data |
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291 |
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292 index: |
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293 max_pts t |
17438 | 294 syncpoints v |
17720 | 295 for(i=0; i<syncpoints; i++){ |
17800 | 296 syncpoint_pos_div16 v |
17438 | 297 } |
298 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ | |
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299 last_pts= -1 |
17720 | 300 for(j=0; j<syncpoints; ){ |
17438 | 301 x v |
302 type= x & 1 | |
303 x>>=1 | |
17455 | 304 n=j |
17438 | 305 if(type){ |
306 flag= x & 1 | |
307 x>>=1 | |
308 while(x--) | |
17455 | 309 has_keyframe[n++][i]=flag |
310 has_keyframe[n++][i]=!flag; | |
17438 | 311 }else{ |
312 while(x != 1){ | |
17455 | 313 has_keyframe[n++][i]=x&1; |
17438 | 314 x>>=1; |
315 } | |
316 } | |
17455 | 317 for(; j<n && j<syncpoints; j++){ |
318 if (!has_keyframe[j][i]) continue | |
319 A v | |
17531 | 320 if(!A){ |
321 A v | |
322 B v | |
323 eor_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A + B | |
324 }else | |
325 B=0 | |
326 keyframe_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A | |
327 last_pts += A + B | |
17455 | 328 } |
17438 | 329 } |
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330 } |
17873 | 331 reserved_bytes |
17726 | 332 index_ptr u(64) |
9294 | 333 |
17711 | 334 info_packet: |
17669 | 335 stream_id_plus1 v |
336 chapter_id v | |
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337 chapter_start t |
17708 | 338 chapter_len v |
17669 | 339 count v |
340 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ | |
341 name vb | |
342 value s | |
343 if (value==-1){ | |
344 type= "UTF-8" | |
345 value vb | |
346 }else if (value==-2){ | |
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347 type vb |
17669 | 348 value vb |
349 }else if (value==-3){ | |
17685 | 350 type= "s" |
17326 | 351 value s |
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352 }else if (value==-4){ |
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353 type= "t" |
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354 value t |
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355 }else if (value<-4){ |
17685 | 356 type= "r" |
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357 value.den= -value-4 |
17669 | 358 value.num s |
359 }else{ | |
17685 | 360 type= "v" |
17669 | 361 } |
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362 } |
16506 | 363 |
17326 | 364 syncpoint: |
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365 global_key_pts t |
17800 | 366 back_ptr_div16 v |
12413 | 367 |
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368 Complete definition: |
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369 |
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370 |
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371 Tag description: |
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372 ---------------- |
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373 |
12242 | 374 file_id_string |
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375 "nut/multimedia container\0" |
9323 | 376 |
377 *_startcode | |
20468 | 378 all startcodes start with 'N' |
12162 | 379 |
380 main_startcode | |
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381 0x7A561F5F04ADULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'M')<<48) |
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382 |
12162 | 383 stream_starcode |
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384 0x11405BF2F9DBULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'S')<<48) |
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385 |
17326 | 386 syncpoint_startcode |
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387 0xE4ADEECA4569ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'K')<<48) |
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388 |
12162 | 389 index_startcode |
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390 0xDD672F23E64EULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'X')<<48) |
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391 |
12162 | 392 info_startcode |
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393 0xAB68B596BA78ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'I')<<48) |
9294 | 394 |
395 version | |
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396 NUT version. The current value is 3. All lower values are pre-freeze |
12238 | 397 |
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398 forward_ptr |
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399 size of the packet data (exactly the distance from the first byte |
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400 after the packet_header to the first byte of the next packet) |
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401 |
12333 | 402 max_distance |
17944 | 403 max distance between startcodes. If p1 and p2 are the byte |
404 positions of the first byte of two consecutive startcodes, then | |
405 p2-p1 MUST be less than or equal to max_distance unless the entire | |
406 span from p1 to p2 comprises a single packet or a syncpoint | |
407 followed by a single frame. This imposition places efficient upper | |
408 bounds on seek operations and allows for the detection of damaged | |
409 frame headers, should a chain of frame headers pass max_distance | |
410 without encountering any startcode. | |
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411 |
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412 syncpoints SHOULD be placed immediately before a keyframe if the |
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413 previous frame of the same stream was a non-keyframe, unless such |
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414 non-keyframe - keyframe transitions are very frequent |
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415 |
17722 | 416 SHOULD be set to <=32768 |
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417 if the stored value is >65536 then max_distance MUST be set to 65536 |
12501 | 418 |
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419 This is also half the max frame size without a checksum after the |
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420 frameheader. |
17799 | 421 |
422 | |
17577 | 423 max_pts_distance |
424 max absoloute difference of pts of new frame from last_pts in the | |
17944 | 425 timebase of the stream, without a checksum after the frameheader. |
426 A frame header MUST include a checksum if abs(pts-last_pts) is | |
427 strictly greater than max_pts_distance. | |
17711 | 428 Note that last_pts is not necessarily the pts of the last frame |
17577 | 429 on the same stream, as it is altered by syncpoint timestamps. |
17801 | 430 SHOULD NOT be higher than 1/timebase |
17577 | 431 |
16429 | 432 stream_id |
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433 Stream identifier |
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434 stream_id MUST be < stream_count |
9294 | 435 |
436 stream_class | |
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437 0 video |
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438 1 audio |
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439 2 subtiles |
17793 | 440 3 userdata |
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441 Note: the remaining values are reserved and MUST NOT be used |
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442 a demuxer MUST ignore streams with reserved classes |
9294 | 443 |
444 fourcc | |
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445 identification for the codec |
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446 example: "H264" |
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447 MUST contain 2 or 4 bytes, note, this might be increased in the future |
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448 if needed |
18899 | 449 the id values used are the same as in avi, so if a codec uses a specific |
450 fourcc in avi then the same fourcc MUST be used here | |
9294 | 451 |
9297 | 452 time_base_nom / time_base_denom = time_base |
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453 the length of a timer tick in seconds, this MUST be equal to the 1/fps |
17939 | 454 if FLAG_FIXED_FPS is set |
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455 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0 |
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456 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime |
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457 time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31 |
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458 examples: |
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459 fps time_base_nom time_base_denom |
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460 30 1 30 |
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461 29.97 1001 30000 |
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462 23.976 1001 24000 |
17883 | 463 There MUST NOT be 2 identical timebases in a file. |
464 There SHOULD NOT be more timebases than streams. | |
9294 | 465 |
17872 | 466 time_base_id |
467 id to time_base table | |
468 | |
17328 | 469 convert_ts |
470 To switch from 2 different timebases, the following calculation is | |
471 defined: | |
12413 | 472 |
17328 | 473 ln = from_time_base_nom*to_time_base_denom |
474 sn = from_timestamp | |
475 d1 = from_time_base_denom | |
476 d2 = to_time_base_nom | |
477 timestamp = (ln/d1*sn + ln%d1*sn/d1)/d2 | |
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478 Note: this calculation MUST be done with unsigned 64 bit integers, and |
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479 is equivalent to (ln*sn)/(d1*d2) but this would require a 96bit integer |
12413 | 480 |
17532 | 481 compare_ts |
482 Compares timestamps from 2 different timebases, | |
483 if a is before b then compare_ts(a, b) = -1 | |
484 if a is after b then compare_ts(a, b) = 1 | |
485 else compare_ts(a, b) = 0 | |
486 | |
487 Care must be taken that this is done exactly with no rounding errors, | |
488 simply casting to float or double and doing the obvious | |
489 a*timebase > b*timebase is not compliant or correct, neither is the | |
490 same with integers, and | |
491 a*a_timebase.num*b_timebase.den > b*b_timebase.num*a_timebase.den | |
492 will overflow. One possible implementation which shouldn't overflow | |
493 within the range of legal timestamps and timebases is: | |
494 | |
495 if (convert_ts(a, a_timebase, b_timebase) < b) return -1; | |
496 if (convert_ts(b, b_timebase, a_timebase) < a) return 1; | |
497 return 0; | |
498 | |
16429 | 499 msb_pts_shift |
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500 amount of bits in lsb_pts |
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501 MUST be <16 |
9294 | 502 |
12333 | 503 decode_delay |
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504 maximum time between input and output for a codec, used to generate |
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505 dts from pts |
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506 is set to 0 for streams without B-frames, and set to 1 for streams with |
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507 B-frames, may be larger for future codecs |
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508 decode_delay MUST NOT be set higher than necessary for a codec. |
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509 |
17939 | 510 stream_flags |
511 Bit Name Description | |
512 1 FLAG_FIXED_FPS indicates that the fps is fixed | |
9294 | 513 |
9356 | 514 codec_specific_data |
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515 private global data for a codec (could be huffman tables or ...) |
19105 | 516 if a codec has a global header it SHOULD be placed in here instead of |
517 at the start of every keyframe | |
518 the exact format is specified in the codec spec | |
19121 | 519 for H.264 the NAL units MUST be formated as in a bytestream |
520 (with 00 00 01 prefixes) | |
12082 | 521 |
522 frame_code | |
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523 the meaning of this byte is stored in the main header |
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524 the value 78 ('N') is forbidden to ensure that the byte is always |
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525 different from the first byte of any startcode |
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526 a muxer SHOULD mark 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid to improve error |
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527 detection |
9420 | 528 |
17718 | 529 flags[frame_code], frame_flags |
17940 | 530 Bit Name Description |
17809 | 531 1 FLAG_KEY if set, frame is keyframe |
532 2 FLAG_EOR if set, stream has no relevance on | |
17824 | 533 presentation. (EOR) |
17887 | 534 8 FLAG_CODED_PTS if set, coded_pts is in the frame header |
535 16 FLAG_STREAM_ID if set, stream_id is coded in the frame header | |
17809 | 536 32 FLAG_SIZE_MSB if set, data_size_msb is at frame header, |
537 otherwise data_size_msb is 0 | |
538 64 FLAG_CHECKSUM if set then the frame header contains a checksum | |
17887 | 539 128 FLAG_RESERVED if set, reserved_count is coded in the frame header |
17809 | 540 4096 FLAG_CODED if set, coded_flags are stored in the frame header. |
541 8192 FLAG_INVALID if set, frame_code is invalid. | |
17437 | 542 |
543 EOR frames MUST be zero-length and must be set keyframe. | |
544 All streams SHOULD end with EOR, where the pts of the EOR indicates the | |
545 end presentation time of the final frame. | |
546 An EOR set stream is unset by the first content frames. | |
17551 | 547 EOR can only be unset in streams with zero decode_delay . |
17944 | 548 FLAG_CHECKSUM MUST be set if the frame's data_size is strictly greater than |
549 2*max_distance or the difference abs(pts-last_pts) is strictly greater than | |
550 max_pts_distance (where pts represents this frame's pts and last_pts is | |
551 defined as below). | |
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552 |
20460 | 553 last_pts |
554 the timestamp of the last frame with the same stream_id as the current | |
555 if there is no such frame between the last syncpoint and the current | |
556 frame then the syncpoint timestamp is used, see global_key_pts | |
557 | |
17887 | 558 stream_id[frame_code] |
17826 | 559 MUST be <250 |
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560 |
12082 | 561 data_size_mul[frame_code] |
17826 | 562 MUST be <16384 |
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563 |
12082 | 564 data_size_lsb[frame_code] |
17826 | 565 MUST be <16384 |
12082 | 566 |
16429 | 567 pts_delta[frame_code] |
17826 | 568 MUST be <16384 and >-16384 |
20460 | 569 if FLAG_CODED_PTS is set in the flags of the current frame then this |
570 value MUST be ignored, if FLAG_CODED_PTS is not set then pts_delta is the | |
571 difference between the current pts and last_pts | |
12413 | 572 |
17640 | 573 reserved_count[frame_code] |
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574 MUST be <256 |
17640 | 575 |
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576 data_size |
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577 data_size= data_size_lsb + data_size_msb*data_size_mul; |
12082 | 578 |
16429 | 579 coded_pts |
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580 if coded_pts < (1<<msb_pts_shift) then it is an lsb |
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581 pts, otherwise it is a full pts + (1<<msb_pts_shift) |
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582 lsb pts is converted to a full pts by: |
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583 mask = (1<<msb_pts_shift)-1; |
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584 delta = last_pts - mask/2 |
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585 pts = ((pts_lsb-delta)&mask) + delta |
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586 |
16429 | 587 lsb_pts |
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588 least significant bits of the pts in time_base precision |
9294 | 589 Example: IBBP display order |
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590 keyframe pts=0 -> pts=0 |
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591 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=3 |
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592 frame lsb_pts=1 -> pts=1 |
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593 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=2 |
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594 ... |
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595 keyframe msb_pts=257 -> pts=257 |
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596 frame lsb_pts=255 -> pts=255 |
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597 frame lsb_pts=0 -> pts=256 |
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598 frame lsb_pts=4 -> pts=260 |
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599 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=258 |
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600 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=259 |
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601 all pts's of keyframes of a single stream MUST be monotone |
9294 | 602 |
12333 | 603 dts |
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604 dts is calculated by using a decode_delay+1 sized buffer for each |
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605 stream, into which the current pts is inserted and the element with |
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606 the smallest value is removed, this is then the current dts |
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607 this buffer is initalized with decode_delay -1 elements |
17327 | 608 |
609 Pts of all frames in all streams MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all | |
17437 | 610 previous frames in all streams, compared in common timebase. (EOR |
611 frames are NOT exempt from this rule) | |
12333 | 612 |
9294 | 613 width/height |
17730 | 614 MUST be set to the coded width/height, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 615 |
616 sample_width/sample_height (aspect ratio) | |
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617 sample_width is the horizontal distance between samples |
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618 sample_width and sample_height MUST be relatively prime if not zero |
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619 both MUST be 0 if unknown otherwise both MUST be non zero |
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620 |
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621 colorspace_type |
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622 0 unknown |
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623 1 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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624 2 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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625 17 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
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626 18 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
10166 | 627 |
12333 | 628 samplerate_nom / samplerate_denom = samplerate |
17730 | 629 the number of samples per second, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 630 |
17683 | 631 crc32 checksum |
17710 | 632 Generator polynomial is 0x104C11DB7. Starting value is zero. |
17683 | 633 |
9294 | 634 checksum |
17577 | 635 crc32 checksum |
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636 checksum is calculated for the area pointed to by forward_ptr not |
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637 including the checksum itself (from first byte after the |
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diff
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|
638 packet_header until last byte before the checksum). |
17711 | 639 for frame headers the checksum contains the framecode byte and all |
640 following bytes upto the checksum itself | |
9294 | 641 |
17792 | 642 header_checksum |
643 checksum over the startcode and forward pointer | |
644 | |
17640 | 645 Syncpoint tags: |
646 --------------- | |
647 | |
17800 | 648 back_ptr_div16 |
649 back_ptr = back_ptr_div16 * 16 + 15 | |
650 back_ptr must point to a position within 16 bytes of a syncpoint | |
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651 startcode. This syncpoint MUST be the closest syncpoint such that at |
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652 least one keyframe with a pts lower or equal to the original syncpoint's |
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653 global_key_pts for all streams lies between it and the current syncpoint. |
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|
654 |
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655 A stream where EOR is set is to be ignored for back_ptr. |
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656 |
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|
657 global_key_pts |
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|
658 After a syncpoint, last_pts of each stream is to be set to: |
17872 | 659 last_pts[i] = convert_ts(global_key_pts, time_base[id], time_base[i]) |
17439
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|
660 |
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661 global_key_pts MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all past frames across |
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662 all streams, and smaller or equal to pts of all future frames. |
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|
663 |
17640 | 664 Index tags: |
665 ----------- | |
666 | |
16429 | 667 max_pts |
17796
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universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
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668 The highest pts in the entire file |
9294 | 669 |
17800 | 670 syncpoint_pos_div16 |
671 offset from begginning of file to up to 15 bytes before the syncpoint | |
17438 | 672 referred to in this index entry. Relative to position of last |
673 syncpoint. | |
674 | |
675 has_keyframe | |
676 indicates whether this stream has a keyframe between this syncpoint and | |
677 the last syncpoint. | |
678 | |
679 keyframe_pts | |
680 The pts of the first keyframe for this stream in the region between the | |
17531 | 681 2 syncpoints, in the stream's timebase. (EOR frames are also keyframes) |
682 | |
683 eor_pts | |
684 Coded only if EOR is set at the position of the syncpoint. The pts of | |
685 that EOR. EOR is unset by the first keyframe after it. | |
9294 | 686 |
16429 | 687 index_ptr |
17726 | 688 Length in bytes of the entire index, from the first byte of the |
689 startcode until the last byte of the checksum. | |
690 Note: A demuxer can use this to find the index when it is written at | |
691 EOF, as index_ptr will always be 12 bytes before the end of file if | |
692 there is an index at all. | |
693 | |
16429 | 694 |
17640 | 695 Info tags: |
696 ---------- | |
697 | |
17669 | 698 stream_id_plus1 |
699 Stream this info packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
700 file. | |
701 | |
702 chapter_id | |
703 Id of chapter this packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
704 file. Positive chapter_id's are real chapters and MUST NOT overlap. | |
705 Negative chapter_id indicate a sub region of file and not a real | |
706 chapter. chapter_id MUST be unique to the region it represents. | |
17711 | 707 chapter_id n MUST not be used unless there are at least n chapters in the |
708 file | |
17669 | 709 |
710 chapter_start | |
17796
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711 timestamp of start of chapter |
17669 | 712 |
713 chapter_len | |
714 Length of chapter in same timebase of chapter_start. | |
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715 |
9323 | 716 type |
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717 for example: "UTF8" -> string or "JPEG" -> JPEG image |
17685 | 718 "v" -> unsigned integer |
719 "s" -> signed integer | |
720 "r" -> rational | |
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721 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
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722 Note: MUST be less than 6 byte long (might be increased to 64 later) |
9323 | 723 |
13308
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|
724 info packet types |
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725 the name of the info entry, valid names are |
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726 "Author" |
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727 "Description" |
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728 "Copyright" |
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729 "Encoder" |
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730 the name & version of the software used for encoding |
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731 "Title" |
17669 | 732 "Cover" (allowed types are "PNG" and "JPEG") |
16686
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733 image of the (CD, DVD, VHS, ..) cover (preferably PNG or JPEG) |
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734 "Source" |
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735 "DVD", "VCD", "CD", "MD", "FM radio", "VHS", "TV", "LD" |
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736 Optional: appended PAL, NTSC, SECAM, ... in parentheses |
18899 | 737 "SourceContainer" |
738 "nut", "mkv", "mov", "avi", "ogg", "rm", "mpeg-ps", "mpeg-ts", "raw" | |
739 "SourceCodecTag" | |
740 the source codec id like a fourcc which was used to store a specific | |
741 stream in its SourceContainer | |
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742 "CaptureDevice" |
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743 "BT878", "BT848", "webcam", ... (more exact names are fine too) |
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744 "CreationTime" |
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745 "2003-01-20 20:13:15Z", ... |
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746 (ISO 8601 format, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html) |
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747 Note: do not forget the timezone |
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748 "Keywords" |
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749 "Language" |
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750 ISO 639 and ISO 3166 for language/country code |
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751 something like "eng" (US english), can be 0 if unknown |
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752 and "multi" if several languages |
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753 see http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html |
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754 and http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html |
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755 the language code |
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756 "Disposition" |
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757 "original", "dub" (translated), "comment", "lyrics", "karaoke" |
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758 Note: if someone needs some others, please tell us about them, so we |
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759 can add them to the official standard (if they are sane) |
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760 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
17686 | 761 Note: names of fields SHOULD be in English if a word with the same |
17653 | 762 meaning exists in English |
16686
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763 Note: MUST be less than 64 bytes long |
9295 | 764 |
765 value | |
16686
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766 value of this name/type pair |
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767 |
9310 | 768 stuffing |
16686
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769 0x80 can be placed in front of any type v entry for stuffing purposes |
17797
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770 except the forward_ptr and all fields in the frame header where a |
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771 maximum of 8 stuffing bytes per field are allowed |
9294 | 772 |
16842
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773 |
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774 Structure: |
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775 ---------- |
9294 | 776 |
777 the headers MUST be in exactly the following order (to simplify demuxer design) | |
778 main header | |
779 stream_header (id=0) | |
780 stream_header (id=1) | |
781 ... | |
782 stream_header (id=n) | |
783 | |
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784 headers may be repeated, but if they are, then they MUST all be repeated |
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|
785 together and repeated headers MUST be identical |
17547 | 786 |
787 Each set of repeated headers not at the beginning or end of the file SHOULD | |
788 be stored at the earliest possible position after 2^x where x is | |
15008
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789 an integer and the file end, so the headers may be repeated at 4102 if that is |
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790 the closest position after 2^12=4096 at which the headers can be placed |
9294 | 791 |
17547 | 792 Note: this allows an implementation reading the file to locate backup |
793 headers in O(log filesize) time as opposed to O(filesize) | |
794 | |
15008
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795 headers MUST be placed at least at the start of the file and immediately before |
12501 | 796 the index or at the file end if there is no index |
16428 | 797 headers MUST be repeated at least twice (so they exist three times in a file) |
9295 | 798 |
16685 | 799 there MUST be a sync point immediately before the first frame after any headers |
12503 | 800 |
16842
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801 |
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802 Index: |
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803 ------ |
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804 |
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805 Note: with realtime streaming, there is no end, so no index there either |
17533 | 806 Index MAY only be repeated after main headers. |
17726 | 807 If an index is written anywhere in the file, it MUST be written at end of |
808 file as well. | |
9310 | 809 |
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810 |
17669 | 811 Info: |
812 ----- | |
813 | |
17771 | 814 If a info packet is stored anywhere then a muxer MUST also store an identical |
815 info packet after every main-stream-header set | |
9310 | 816 |
17771 | 817 If a demuxer has seen several info packets with the same chapter_id and |
818 stream_id then it MUST ignore all but the one with the highest position in | |
819 the file | |
17669 | 820 |
17771 | 821 demxuxers SHOULD not search the whole file for info packets |
16842
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822 |
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823 demuxer (non-normative): |
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824 ------------------------ |
12501 | 825 |
16428 | 826 in the absence of a valid header at the beginning, players SHOULD search for |
827 backup headers starting at offset 2^x; for each x players SHOULD end their | |
828 search at a particular offset when any startcode is found (including syncpoint) | |
12501 | 829 |
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830 |
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831 |
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832 Semantic requirements: |
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833 ====================== |
16429 | 834 |
17018
baf593fcf738
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835 If more than one stream of a given stream class is present, each one SHOULD |
16429 | 836 have info tags specifying disposition, and if applicable, language. |
17018
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837 It often highly improves usability and is therefore strongly encouraged. |
16429 | 838 |
839 A demuxer MUST NOT demux a stream which contains more than one stream, or which | |
840 is wrapped in a structure to facilitate more than one stream or otherwise | |
841 duplicate the role of a container. any such file is to be considered invalid. | |
17798
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|
842 for example vorbis in ogg in nut is invalid, as is |
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843 mpegvideo+mpegaudio in mpeg-ps/ts in nut or dvvideo + dvaudio in dv in nut |
16429 | 844 |
12501 | 845 |
16842
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846 |
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847 Sample code (Public Domain, & untested): |
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848 ======================================== |
9294 | 849 |
850 typedef BufferContext{ | |
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851 uint8_t *buf; |
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852 uint8_t *buf_ptr; |
9294 | 853 }BufferContext; |
854 | |
855 static inline uint64_t get_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count){ | |
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856 uint64_t val=0; |
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857 |
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858 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 859 |
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860 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ |
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861 val <<=8; |
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862 val += *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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863 } |
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864 |
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865 return val; |
9294 | 866 } |
867 | |
868 static inline void put_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count, uint64_t val){ | |
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869 uint64_t val=0; |
9294 | 870 |
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871 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 872 |
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873 for(i=count-1; i>=0; i--){ |
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874 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val >> (8*i); |
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875 } |
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876 |
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877 return val; |
9294 | 878 } |
879 | |
10061 | 880 static inline uint64_t get_v(BufferContext *bc){ |
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881 uint64_t val= 0; |
9294 | 882 |
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883 for(; space_left(bc) > 0; ){ |
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884 int tmp= *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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885 if(tmp&0x80) |
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886 val= (val<<7) + tmp - 0x80; |
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887 else |
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888 return (val<<7) + tmp; |
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889 } |
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890 |
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891 return -1; |
9294 | 892 } |
893 | |
10061 | 894 static inline int put_v(BufferContext *bc, uint64_t val){ |
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895 int i; |
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896 |
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897 if(space_left(bc) < 9) return -1; |
9294 | 898 |
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899 val &= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; // FIXME can only encode upto 63 bits currently |
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900 for(i=7; ; i+=7){ |
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901 if(val>>i == 0) break; |
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902 } |
9294 | 903 |
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904 for(i-=7; i>0; i-=7){ |
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905 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= 0x80 | (val>>i); |
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906 } |
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907 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val&0x7F; |
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908 |
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909 return 0; |
9579
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*signed int vlc (needs only 5 lines of code so its no increase of complexity)
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910 } |
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911 |
12333 | 912 static int64_t get_dts(int64_t pts, int64_t *pts_cache, int delay, int reset){ |
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913 if(reset) memset(pts_cache, -1, delay*sizeof(int64_t)); |
12333 | 914 |
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915 while(delay--){ |
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916 int64_t t= pts_cache[delay]; |
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917 if(t < pts){ |
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918 pts_cache[delay]= pts; |
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919 pts= t; |
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920 } |
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921 } |
12333 | 922 |
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923 return pts; |
12333 | 924 } |
925 | |
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926 |
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927 |
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928 Authors: |
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929 ======== |
10158
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930 |
16428 | 931 Folks from the MPlayer developers mailing list (http://www.mplayerhq.hu/). |
932 Authors in alphabetical order: (FIXME! Tell us if we left you out) | |
16843 | 933 Beregszaszi, Alex (alex@fsn.hu) |
934 Bunkus, Moritz (moritz@bunkus.org) | |
935 Diedrich, Tobias (ranma+mplayer@tdiedrich.de) | |
936 Felker, Rich (dalias@aerifal.cx) | |
937 Franz, Fabian (FabianFranz@gmx.de) | |
938 Gereoffy, Arpad (arpi@thot.banki.hu) | |
939 Hess, Andreas (jaska@gmx.net) | |
940 Niedermayer, Michael (michaelni@gmx.at) | |
941 Shimon, Oded (ods15@ods15.dyndns.org) |