Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/tech/nut.txt @ 20633:44ea011155d1
attempt to fix the unbound future frame issue with keyframes on the muxer side
author | michael |
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date | Fri, 03 Nov 2006 21:40:13 +0000 |
parents | ec285c2d1055 |
children | 3c3bba8c822b |
rev | line source |
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1 ================================== |
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2 NUT Open Container Format 20060713 |
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3 ================================== |
9294 | 4 |
5 | |
6 | |
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7 Intro: |
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8 ====== |
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9 |
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10 Features / goals: |
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11 (supported by the format, not necessarily by a specific implementation) |
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12 |
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13 Simple |
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14 use the same encoding for nearly all fields |
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15 simple decoding, so slow CPUs (and embedded systems) can handle it |
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16 |
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17 Extendible |
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18 no limit for the possible values of all fields (using universal vlc) |
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19 allow adding of new headers in the future |
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20 allow adding more fields at the end of headers |
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21 |
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22 Compact |
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23 ~0.2% overhead, for normal bitrates |
17438 | 24 index is <100kb per hour |
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25 a usual header for a file is about 100 bytes (audio + video headers together) |
17326 | 26 a packet header is about ~1-5 bytes |
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27 |
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28 Error resistant |
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29 seeking / playback without an index |
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30 headers & index can be repeated |
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31 damaged files can be played back with minimal data loss and fast |
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32 resync times |
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33 |
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34 The spec is frozen. All files following spec will be compatible unless the |
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35 spec is unfrozen. |
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36 |
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37 |
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38 Definitions: |
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39 ============ |
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40 |
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41 MUST the specific part must be done to conform to this standard |
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42 SHOULD it is recommended to be done that way, but not strictly required |
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43 |
20622 | 44 keyframe |
20631 | 45 The nth frame is a keyframe if and only if frames n, n+1, ... in |
46 presentation order (that are all frames with a pts >= frame[n].pts) can | |
47 be decoded successfully without reference to frames prior n in storeage | |
48 order (that are all frames with a dts < frame[n].dts) | |
49 if no such frames exist (for example due to use of overlapped transforms | |
50 like the MDCT in an audio codec) then the definition shall be extended | |
51 by droping n out of the set of frames which must be decodable, if this | |
52 is still insufficient then n+1 shall be droped, and so on until there is | |
53 a keyframe | |
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54 every frame which is marked as a keyframe MUST be a keyframe according to |
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55 the defintion above, a muxer MUST mark every frame it knows is a keyframe |
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56 as such, a muxer SHOULD NOT analyze future frames to determine the |
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57 keyframe status of the current frame but instead just set the frame as |
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58 non keyframe |
20622 | 59 (FIXME maybe move somewhere else?) |
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60 |
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61 |
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62 Syntax: |
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63 ======= |
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16428 | 65 Since NUT heavily uses variable length fields, the simplest way to describe it |
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66 is using a pseudocode approach. |
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67 |
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68 |
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69 |
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70 Conventions: |
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71 ============ |
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72 |
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73 The data types have a name, used in the bitstream syntax description, a short |
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74 text description and a pseudocode (functional) definition, optional notes may |
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75 follow: |
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76 |
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77 name (text description) |
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78 functional definition |
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79 [Optional notes] |
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80 |
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81 The bitstream syntax elements have a tagname and a functional definition, they |
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82 are presented in a bottom up approach, again optional notes may follow and |
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83 are reproduced in the tag description: |
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84 |
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85 name: (optional note) |
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86 functional definition |
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87 [Optional notes] |
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88 |
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89 The in-depth tag description follows the bitstream syntax. |
16428 | 90 The functional definition has a C-like syntax. |
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91 |
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92 |
12209 | 93 |
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94 Type definitions: |
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95 ================= |
12209 | 96 |
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97 f(n) (n fixed bits in big-endian order) |
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98 u(n) (unsigned number encoded in n bits in MSB-first order) |
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99 |
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100 v (variable length value, unsigned) |
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101 value=0 |
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102 do{ |
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103 more_data u(1) |
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104 data u(7) |
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105 value= 128*value + data |
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106 }while(more_data) |
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107 |
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108 s (variable length value, signed) |
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109 temp v |
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110 temp++ |
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111 if(temp&1) value= -(temp>>1) |
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112 else value= (temp>>1) |
9323 | 113 |
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114 b (binary data or string, to be use in vb, see below) |
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115 for(i=0; i<length; i++){ |
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116 data[i] u(8) |
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117 } |
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118 [Note: strings MUST be encoded in UTF-8] |
17835 | 119 [Note: the character NUL (U+0000) is not legal within |
120 or at the end of a string.] | |
9295 | 121 |
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122 vb (variable length binary data or string) |
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123 length v |
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124 value b |
12117 | 125 |
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126 t (v coded universal timestamp) |
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127 tmp v |
17872 | 128 id= tmp % time_base_count |
129 value= (tmp / time_base_count) * time_base[id] | |
9295 | 130 |
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131 |
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132 Bitstream syntax: |
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133 ================= |
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134 |
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135 file: |
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136 file_id_string |
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137 while(!eof){ |
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138 if(next_byte == 'N'){ |
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139 packet_header |
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140 switch(startcode){ |
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141 case main_startcode: main_header; break; |
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142 case stream_startcode:stream_header; break; |
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143 case info_startcode: info_packet; break; |
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144 case index_startcode: index; break; |
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145 case syncpoint_startcode: syncpoint; break; |
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146 } |
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147 packet_footer |
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148 }else |
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149 frame |
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150 } |
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151 |
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152 the structure of a undamaged file should look like the following, but |
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153 demuxers should be flexible and be able to deal with damaged headers so the |
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154 above is a better loop in practice (not to mention its simpler) |
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155 note, demuxers MUST be able to deal with new and unknown headers |
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156 |
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157 file: |
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158 file_id_string |
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159 while(!eof){ |
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160 packet_header, main_header, packet_footer |
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161 reserved_headers |
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162 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ |
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163 packet_header, stream_header, packet_footer |
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164 reserved_headers |
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165 } |
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166 while(next_code == info_startcode){ |
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167 packet_header, info_packet, packet_footer |
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168 reserved_headers |
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169 } |
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170 if(next_code == index_startcode){ |
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171 packet_header, index_packet, packet_footer |
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172 } |
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173 if (!eof) while(next_code != main_startcode){ |
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174 if(next_code == syncpoint_startcode){ |
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175 packet_header, syncpoint, packet_footer |
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176 } |
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177 frame |
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178 reserved_headers |
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179 } |
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180 } |
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181 |
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182 |
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183 Common elements: |
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184 ---------------- |
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185 |
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186 reserved_bytes: |
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187 for(i=0; i<forward_ptr - length_of_non_reserved; i++) |
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188 reserved u(8) |
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189 [a demuxer MUST ignore any reserved bytes |
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190 a muxer MUST NOT write any reserved bytes, as this would make it |
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191 impossible to add new fields at the end of packets in the future |
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192 in a compatible way] |
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193 |
17845 | 194 packet_header |
195 startcode f(64) | |
196 forward_ptr v | |
197 if(forward_ptr > 4096) | |
198 header_checksum u(32) | |
199 | |
200 packet_footer | |
201 reserved_bytes | |
202 checksum u(32) | |
17873 | 203 [Note: in index packet, reserved_bytes comes before index_ptr] |
17845 | 204 |
205 reserved_headers | |
206 while(next_byte == 'N' && next_code != main_startcode | |
207 && next_code != stream_startcode | |
208 && next_code != info_startcode | |
209 && next_code != index_startcode | |
210 && next_code != syncpoint_startcode){ | |
211 packet_header | |
212 packet_footer | |
213 } | |
214 | |
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215 Headers: |
10824 | 216 |
20619 | 217 main_header: |
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218 version v |
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219 stream_count v |
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220 max_distance v |
17872 | 221 time_base_count v |
222 for(i=0; i<time_base_count; i++) | |
223 time_base_nom v | |
224 time_base_denom v | |
225 time_base[i]= time_base_nom/time_base_denom | |
17437 | 226 tmp_pts=0 |
227 tmp_mul=1 | |
228 tmp_stream=0 | |
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229 for(i=0; i<256; ){ |
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230 tmp_flag v |
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231 tmp_fields v |
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232 if(tmp_fields>0) tmp_pts s |
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233 if(tmp_fields>1) tmp_mul v |
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234 if(tmp_fields>2) tmp_stream v |
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235 if(tmp_fields>3) tmp_size v |
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236 else tmp_size=0 |
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237 if(tmp_fields>4) tmp_res v |
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238 else tmp_res=0 |
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239 if(tmp_fields>5) count v |
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240 else count= tmp_mul - tmp_size |
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241 for(j=6; j<tmp_fields; j++){ |
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242 tmp_reserved[i] v |
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243 } |
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244 for(j=0; j<count && i<256; j++, i++){ |
17612 | 245 if (i == 'N') { |
17718 | 246 flags[i]= FLAG_INVALID; |
17612 | 247 j--; |
248 continue; | |
249 } | |
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250 flags[i]= tmp_flag; |
17887 | 251 stream_id[i]= tmp_stream; |
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252 data_size_mul[i]= tmp_mul; |
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253 data_size_lsb[i]= tmp_size + j; |
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254 pts_delta[i]= tmp_pts; |
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255 reserved_count[i]= tmp_res; |
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256 } |
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257 } |
9294 | 258 |
259 stream_header: | |
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260 stream_id v |
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261 stream_class v |
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262 fourcc vb |
17872 | 263 time_base_id v |
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264 msb_pts_shift v |
17577 | 265 max_pts_distance v |
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266 decode_delay v |
17939 | 267 stream_flags v |
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268 codec_specific_data vb |
17640 | 269 if(stream_class == video){ |
270 width v | |
271 height v | |
272 sample_width v | |
273 sample_height v | |
274 colorspace_type v | |
275 }else if(stream_class == audio){ | |
276 samplerate_nom v | |
277 samplerate_denom v | |
278 channel_count v | |
279 } | |
16429 | 280 |
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281 Basic Packets: |
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282 |
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283 frame: |
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284 frame_code f(8) |
17718 | 285 frame_flags= flags[frame_code] |
286 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED){ | |
287 coded_flags v | |
288 frame_flags ^= coded_flags | |
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289 } |
17887 | 290 if(frame_flags&FLAG_STREAM_ID){ |
291 stream_id v | |
292 } | |
293 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED_PTS){ | |
294 coded_pts v | |
295 } | |
17718 | 296 if(frame_flags&FLAG_SIZE_MSB){ |
297 data_size_msb v | |
17437 | 298 } |
17887 | 299 if(frame_flags&FLAG_RESERVED) |
300 reserved_count[frame_code] v | |
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301 for(i=0; i<reserved_count[frame_code]; i++) |
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302 reserved v |
17723 | 303 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CHECKSUM){ |
17711 | 304 checksum u(32) |
17584 | 305 } |
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306 data |
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307 |
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308 index: |
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309 max_pts t |
17438 | 310 syncpoints v |
17720 | 311 for(i=0; i<syncpoints; i++){ |
17800 | 312 syncpoint_pos_div16 v |
17438 | 313 } |
314 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ | |
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315 last_pts= -1 |
17720 | 316 for(j=0; j<syncpoints; ){ |
17438 | 317 x v |
318 type= x & 1 | |
319 x>>=1 | |
17455 | 320 n=j |
17438 | 321 if(type){ |
322 flag= x & 1 | |
323 x>>=1 | |
324 while(x--) | |
17455 | 325 has_keyframe[n++][i]=flag |
326 has_keyframe[n++][i]=!flag; | |
17438 | 327 }else{ |
328 while(x != 1){ | |
17455 | 329 has_keyframe[n++][i]=x&1; |
17438 | 330 x>>=1; |
331 } | |
332 } | |
17455 | 333 for(; j<n && j<syncpoints; j++){ |
334 if (!has_keyframe[j][i]) continue | |
335 A v | |
17531 | 336 if(!A){ |
337 A v | |
338 B v | |
339 eor_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A + B | |
340 }else | |
341 B=0 | |
342 keyframe_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A | |
343 last_pts += A + B | |
17455 | 344 } |
17438 | 345 } |
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346 } |
17873 | 347 reserved_bytes |
17726 | 348 index_ptr u(64) |
9294 | 349 |
17711 | 350 info_packet: |
17669 | 351 stream_id_plus1 v |
352 chapter_id v | |
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353 chapter_start t |
17708 | 354 chapter_len v |
17669 | 355 count v |
356 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ | |
357 name vb | |
358 value s | |
359 if (value==-1){ | |
360 type= "UTF-8" | |
361 value vb | |
362 }else if (value==-2){ | |
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363 type vb |
17669 | 364 value vb |
365 }else if (value==-3){ | |
17685 | 366 type= "s" |
17326 | 367 value s |
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368 }else if (value==-4){ |
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369 type= "t" |
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370 value t |
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371 }else if (value<-4){ |
17685 | 372 type= "r" |
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373 value.den= -value-4 |
17669 | 374 value.num s |
375 }else{ | |
17685 | 376 type= "v" |
17669 | 377 } |
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378 } |
16506 | 379 |
17326 | 380 syncpoint: |
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381 global_key_pts t |
17800 | 382 back_ptr_div16 v |
12413 | 383 |
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384 Complete definition: |
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385 |
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386 |
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387 Tag description: |
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388 ---------------- |
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389 |
12242 | 390 file_id_string |
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391 "nut/multimedia container\0" |
9323 | 392 |
393 *_startcode | |
20468 | 394 all startcodes start with 'N' |
12162 | 395 |
396 main_startcode | |
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397 0x7A561F5F04ADULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'M')<<48) |
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398 |
12162 | 399 stream_starcode |
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400 0x11405BF2F9DBULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'S')<<48) |
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401 |
17326 | 402 syncpoint_startcode |
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403 0xE4ADEECA4569ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'K')<<48) |
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404 |
12162 | 405 index_startcode |
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406 0xDD672F23E64EULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'X')<<48) |
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407 |
12162 | 408 info_startcode |
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409 0xAB68B596BA78ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'I')<<48) |
9294 | 410 |
411 version | |
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412 NUT version. The current value is 3. All lower values are pre-freeze |
12238 | 413 |
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414 forward_ptr |
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415 size of the packet data (exactly the distance from the first byte |
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416 after the packet_header to the first byte of the next packet) |
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417 |
12333 | 418 max_distance |
17944 | 419 max distance between startcodes. If p1 and p2 are the byte |
420 positions of the first byte of two consecutive startcodes, then | |
421 p2-p1 MUST be less than or equal to max_distance unless the entire | |
422 span from p1 to p2 comprises a single packet or a syncpoint | |
423 followed by a single frame. This imposition places efficient upper | |
424 bounds on seek operations and allows for the detection of damaged | |
425 frame headers, should a chain of frame headers pass max_distance | |
426 without encountering any startcode. | |
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427 |
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428 syncpoints SHOULD be placed immediately before a keyframe if the |
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429 previous frame of the same stream was a non-keyframe, unless such |
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430 non-keyframe - keyframe transitions are very frequent |
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431 |
17722 | 432 SHOULD be set to <=32768 |
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433 if the stored value is >65536 then max_distance MUST be set to 65536 |
12501 | 434 |
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435 This is also half the max frame size without a checksum after the |
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436 frameheader. |
17799 | 437 |
438 | |
17577 | 439 max_pts_distance |
440 max absoloute difference of pts of new frame from last_pts in the | |
17944 | 441 timebase of the stream, without a checksum after the frameheader. |
442 A frame header MUST include a checksum if abs(pts-last_pts) is | |
443 strictly greater than max_pts_distance. | |
17711 | 444 Note that last_pts is not necessarily the pts of the last frame |
17577 | 445 on the same stream, as it is altered by syncpoint timestamps. |
17801 | 446 SHOULD NOT be higher than 1/timebase |
17577 | 447 |
16429 | 448 stream_id |
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449 Stream identifier |
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450 stream_id MUST be < stream_count |
9294 | 451 |
452 stream_class | |
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453 0 video |
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454 1 audio |
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455 2 subtiles |
17793 | 456 3 userdata |
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457 Note: the remaining values are reserved and MUST NOT be used |
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458 a demuxer MUST ignore streams with reserved classes |
9294 | 459 |
460 fourcc | |
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461 identification for the codec |
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462 example: "H264" |
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463 MUST contain 2 or 4 bytes, note, this might be increased in the future |
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464 if needed |
18899 | 465 the id values used are the same as in avi, so if a codec uses a specific |
466 fourcc in avi then the same fourcc MUST be used here | |
9294 | 467 |
9297 | 468 time_base_nom / time_base_denom = time_base |
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469 the length of a timer tick in seconds, this MUST be equal to the 1/fps |
17939 | 470 if FLAG_FIXED_FPS is set |
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471 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0 |
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472 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime |
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473 time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31 |
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474 examples: |
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475 fps time_base_nom time_base_denom |
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476 30 1 30 |
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477 29.97 1001 30000 |
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478 23.976 1001 24000 |
17883 | 479 There MUST NOT be 2 identical timebases in a file. |
480 There SHOULD NOT be more timebases than streams. | |
9294 | 481 |
17872 | 482 time_base_id |
483 id to time_base table | |
484 | |
17328 | 485 convert_ts |
486 To switch from 2 different timebases, the following calculation is | |
487 defined: | |
12413 | 488 |
17328 | 489 ln = from_time_base_nom*to_time_base_denom |
490 sn = from_timestamp | |
491 d1 = from_time_base_denom | |
492 d2 = to_time_base_nom | |
493 timestamp = (ln/d1*sn + ln%d1*sn/d1)/d2 | |
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494 Note: this calculation MUST be done with unsigned 64 bit integers, and |
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495 is equivalent to (ln*sn)/(d1*d2) but this would require a 96bit integer |
12413 | 496 |
17532 | 497 compare_ts |
498 Compares timestamps from 2 different timebases, | |
499 if a is before b then compare_ts(a, b) = -1 | |
500 if a is after b then compare_ts(a, b) = 1 | |
501 else compare_ts(a, b) = 0 | |
502 | |
503 Care must be taken that this is done exactly with no rounding errors, | |
504 simply casting to float or double and doing the obvious | |
505 a*timebase > b*timebase is not compliant or correct, neither is the | |
506 same with integers, and | |
507 a*a_timebase.num*b_timebase.den > b*b_timebase.num*a_timebase.den | |
508 will overflow. One possible implementation which shouldn't overflow | |
509 within the range of legal timestamps and timebases is: | |
510 | |
511 if (convert_ts(a, a_timebase, b_timebase) < b) return -1; | |
512 if (convert_ts(b, b_timebase, a_timebase) < a) return 1; | |
513 return 0; | |
514 | |
16429 | 515 msb_pts_shift |
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516 amount of bits in lsb_pts |
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517 MUST be <16 |
9294 | 518 |
12333 | 519 decode_delay |
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520 maximum time between input and output for a codec, used to generate |
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521 dts from pts |
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522 is set to 0 for streams without B-frames, and set to 1 for streams with |
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523 B-frames, may be larger for future codecs |
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524 decode_delay MUST NOT be set higher than necessary for a codec. |
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525 |
17939 | 526 stream_flags |
527 Bit Name Description | |
528 1 FLAG_FIXED_FPS indicates that the fps is fixed | |
9294 | 529 |
9356 | 530 codec_specific_data |
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531 private global data for a codec (could be huffman tables or ...) |
19105 | 532 if a codec has a global header it SHOULD be placed in here instead of |
533 at the start of every keyframe | |
534 the exact format is specified in the codec spec | |
19121 | 535 for H.264 the NAL units MUST be formated as in a bytestream |
536 (with 00 00 01 prefixes) | |
12082 | 537 |
538 frame_code | |
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539 the meaning of this byte is stored in the main header |
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540 the value 78 ('N') is forbidden to ensure that the byte is always |
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541 different from the first byte of any startcode |
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542 a muxer SHOULD mark 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid to improve error |
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543 detection |
9420 | 544 |
17718 | 545 flags[frame_code], frame_flags |
17940 | 546 Bit Name Description |
17809 | 547 1 FLAG_KEY if set, frame is keyframe |
548 2 FLAG_EOR if set, stream has no relevance on | |
17824 | 549 presentation. (EOR) |
17887 | 550 8 FLAG_CODED_PTS if set, coded_pts is in the frame header |
551 16 FLAG_STREAM_ID if set, stream_id is coded in the frame header | |
17809 | 552 32 FLAG_SIZE_MSB if set, data_size_msb is at frame header, |
553 otherwise data_size_msb is 0 | |
554 64 FLAG_CHECKSUM if set then the frame header contains a checksum | |
17887 | 555 128 FLAG_RESERVED if set, reserved_count is coded in the frame header |
17809 | 556 4096 FLAG_CODED if set, coded_flags are stored in the frame header. |
557 8192 FLAG_INVALID if set, frame_code is invalid. | |
17437 | 558 |
559 EOR frames MUST be zero-length and must be set keyframe. | |
560 All streams SHOULD end with EOR, where the pts of the EOR indicates the | |
561 end presentation time of the final frame. | |
562 An EOR set stream is unset by the first content frames. | |
17551 | 563 EOR can only be unset in streams with zero decode_delay . |
17944 | 564 FLAG_CHECKSUM MUST be set if the frame's data_size is strictly greater than |
565 2*max_distance or the difference abs(pts-last_pts) is strictly greater than | |
566 max_pts_distance (where pts represents this frame's pts and last_pts is | |
567 defined as below). | |
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568 |
20460 | 569 last_pts |
570 the timestamp of the last frame with the same stream_id as the current | |
571 if there is no such frame between the last syncpoint and the current | |
572 frame then the syncpoint timestamp is used, see global_key_pts | |
573 | |
17887 | 574 stream_id[frame_code] |
17826 | 575 MUST be <250 |
9579
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576 |
12082 | 577 data_size_mul[frame_code] |
17826 | 578 MUST be <16384 |
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579 |
12082 | 580 data_size_lsb[frame_code] |
17826 | 581 MUST be <16384 |
12082 | 582 |
16429 | 583 pts_delta[frame_code] |
17826 | 584 MUST be <16384 and >-16384 |
20460 | 585 if FLAG_CODED_PTS is set in the flags of the current frame then this |
586 value MUST be ignored, if FLAG_CODED_PTS is not set then pts_delta is the | |
587 difference between the current pts and last_pts | |
12413 | 588 |
17640 | 589 reserved_count[frame_code] |
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590 MUST be <256 |
17640 | 591 |
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592 data_size |
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593 data_size= data_size_lsb + data_size_msb*data_size_mul; |
12082 | 594 |
16429 | 595 coded_pts |
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596 if coded_pts < (1<<msb_pts_shift) then it is an lsb |
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597 pts, otherwise it is a full pts + (1<<msb_pts_shift) |
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598 lsb pts is converted to a full pts by: |
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599 mask = (1<<msb_pts_shift)-1; |
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600 delta = last_pts - mask/2 |
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601 pts = ((pts_lsb-delta)&mask) + delta |
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602 |
16429 | 603 lsb_pts |
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604 least significant bits of the pts in time_base precision |
9294 | 605 Example: IBBP display order |
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606 keyframe pts=0 -> pts=0 |
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607 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=3 |
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608 frame lsb_pts=1 -> pts=1 |
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609 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=2 |
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610 ... |
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611 keyframe msb_pts=257 -> pts=257 |
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612 frame lsb_pts=255 -> pts=255 |
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613 frame lsb_pts=0 -> pts=256 |
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614 frame lsb_pts=4 -> pts=260 |
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615 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=258 |
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616 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=259 |
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617 all pts's of keyframes of a single stream MUST be monotone |
9294 | 618 |
12333 | 619 dts |
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620 dts is calculated by using a decode_delay+1 sized buffer for each |
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621 stream, into which the current pts is inserted and the element with |
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622 the smallest value is removed, this is then the current dts |
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623 this buffer is initalized with decode_delay -1 elements |
17327 | 624 |
625 Pts of all frames in all streams MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all | |
17437 | 626 previous frames in all streams, compared in common timebase. (EOR |
627 frames are NOT exempt from this rule) | |
12333 | 628 |
9294 | 629 width/height |
17730 | 630 MUST be set to the coded width/height, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 631 |
632 sample_width/sample_height (aspect ratio) | |
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633 sample_width is the horizontal distance between samples |
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634 sample_width and sample_height MUST be relatively prime if not zero |
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635 both MUST be 0 if unknown otherwise both MUST be non zero |
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636 |
10158
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some changes (michael: is the colorspace_type field needed?)
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|
637 colorspace_type |
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638 0 unknown |
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639 1 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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640 2 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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641 17 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
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642 18 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
10166 | 643 |
12333 | 644 samplerate_nom / samplerate_denom = samplerate |
17730 | 645 the number of samples per second, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 646 |
17683 | 647 crc32 checksum |
17710 | 648 Generator polynomial is 0x104C11DB7. Starting value is zero. |
17683 | 649 |
9294 | 650 checksum |
17577 | 651 crc32 checksum |
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652 checksum is calculated for the area pointed to by forward_ptr not |
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653 including the checksum itself (from first byte after the |
17808
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|
654 packet_header until last byte before the checksum). |
17711 | 655 for frame headers the checksum contains the framecode byte and all |
656 following bytes upto the checksum itself | |
9294 | 657 |
17792 | 658 header_checksum |
659 checksum over the startcode and forward pointer | |
660 | |
17640 | 661 Syncpoint tags: |
662 --------------- | |
663 | |
17800 | 664 back_ptr_div16 |
665 back_ptr = back_ptr_div16 * 16 + 15 | |
666 back_ptr must point to a position within 16 bytes of a syncpoint | |
17439
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|
667 startcode. This syncpoint MUST be the closest syncpoint such that at |
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cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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|
668 least one keyframe with a pts lower or equal to the original syncpoint's |
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669 global_key_pts for all streams lies between it and the current syncpoint. |
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|
670 |
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|
671 A stream where EOR is set is to be ignored for back_ptr. |
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|
672 |
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|
673 global_key_pts |
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|
674 After a syncpoint, last_pts of each stream is to be set to: |
17872 | 675 last_pts[i] = convert_ts(global_key_pts, time_base[id], time_base[i]) |
17439
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|
676 |
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|
677 global_key_pts MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all past frames across |
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|
678 all streams, and smaller or equal to pts of all future frames. |
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|
679 |
17640 | 680 Index tags: |
681 ----------- | |
682 | |
16429 | 683 max_pts |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
michael
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diff
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|
684 The highest pts in the entire file |
9294 | 685 |
17800 | 686 syncpoint_pos_div16 |
687 offset from begginning of file to up to 15 bytes before the syncpoint | |
17438 | 688 referred to in this index entry. Relative to position of last |
689 syncpoint. | |
690 | |
691 has_keyframe | |
692 indicates whether this stream has a keyframe between this syncpoint and | |
693 the last syncpoint. | |
694 | |
695 keyframe_pts | |
696 The pts of the first keyframe for this stream in the region between the | |
17531 | 697 2 syncpoints, in the stream's timebase. (EOR frames are also keyframes) |
698 | |
699 eor_pts | |
700 Coded only if EOR is set at the position of the syncpoint. The pts of | |
701 that EOR. EOR is unset by the first keyframe after it. | |
9294 | 702 |
16429 | 703 index_ptr |
17726 | 704 Length in bytes of the entire index, from the first byte of the |
705 startcode until the last byte of the checksum. | |
706 Note: A demuxer can use this to find the index when it is written at | |
707 EOF, as index_ptr will always be 12 bytes before the end of file if | |
708 there is an index at all. | |
709 | |
16429 | 710 |
17640 | 711 Info tags: |
712 ---------- | |
713 | |
17669 | 714 stream_id_plus1 |
715 Stream this info packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
716 file. | |
717 | |
718 chapter_id | |
719 Id of chapter this packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
720 file. Positive chapter_id's are real chapters and MUST NOT overlap. | |
721 Negative chapter_id indicate a sub region of file and not a real | |
722 chapter. chapter_id MUST be unique to the region it represents. | |
17711 | 723 chapter_id n MUST not be used unless there are at least n chapters in the |
724 file | |
17669 | 725 |
726 chapter_start | |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
michael
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727 timestamp of start of chapter |
17669 | 728 |
729 chapter_len | |
730 Length of chapter in same timebase of chapter_start. | |
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731 |
9323 | 732 type |
16686
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733 for example: "UTF8" -> string or "JPEG" -> JPEG image |
17685 | 734 "v" -> unsigned integer |
735 "s" -> signed integer | |
736 "r" -> rational | |
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737 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
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738 Note: MUST be less than 6 byte long (might be increased to 64 later) |
9323 | 739 |
13308
8ff17d153414
info packet is now file global, while meta pakcet is stream specific, as discussed with Rich
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diff
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|
740 info packet types |
16686
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741 the name of the info entry, valid names are |
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742 "Author" |
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743 "Description" |
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744 "Copyright" |
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745 "Encoder" |
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746 the name & version of the software used for encoding |
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747 "Title" |
17669 | 748 "Cover" (allowed types are "PNG" and "JPEG") |
16686
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749 image of the (CD, DVD, VHS, ..) cover (preferably PNG or JPEG) |
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750 "Source" |
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751 "DVD", "VCD", "CD", "MD", "FM radio", "VHS", "TV", "LD" |
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752 Optional: appended PAL, NTSC, SECAM, ... in parentheses |
18899 | 753 "SourceContainer" |
754 "nut", "mkv", "mov", "avi", "ogg", "rm", "mpeg-ps", "mpeg-ts", "raw" | |
755 "SourceCodecTag" | |
756 the source codec id like a fourcc which was used to store a specific | |
757 stream in its SourceContainer | |
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758 "CaptureDevice" |
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759 "BT878", "BT848", "webcam", ... (more exact names are fine too) |
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760 "CreationTime" |
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761 "2003-01-20 20:13:15Z", ... |
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762 (ISO 8601 format, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html) |
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763 Note: do not forget the timezone |
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|
764 "Keywords" |
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765 "Language" |
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766 ISO 639 and ISO 3166 for language/country code |
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767 something like "eng" (US english), can be 0 if unknown |
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768 and "multi" if several languages |
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769 see http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html |
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770 and http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html |
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|
771 the language code |
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|
772 "Disposition" |
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773 "original", "dub" (translated), "comment", "lyrics", "karaoke" |
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774 Note: if someone needs some others, please tell us about them, so we |
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775 can add them to the official standard (if they are sane) |
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776 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
17686 | 777 Note: names of fields SHOULD be in English if a word with the same |
17653 | 778 meaning exists in English |
16686
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779 Note: MUST be less than 64 bytes long |
9295 | 780 |
781 value | |
16686
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|
782 value of this name/type pair |
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|
783 |
9310 | 784 stuffing |
16686
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785 0x80 can be placed in front of any type v entry for stuffing purposes |
17797
b1d80d05eaa8
limit stuffing to prevent header_checksum from endup being useless due to a gb of 0x80 after a 'N'
michael
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|
786 except the forward_ptr and all fields in the frame header where a |
b1d80d05eaa8
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787 maximum of 8 stuffing bytes per field are allowed |
9294 | 788 |
16842
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789 |
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|
790 Structure: |
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|
791 ---------- |
9294 | 792 |
793 the headers MUST be in exactly the following order (to simplify demuxer design) | |
794 main header | |
795 stream_header (id=0) | |
796 stream_header (id=1) | |
797 ... | |
798 stream_header (id=n) | |
799 | |
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800 headers may be repeated, but if they are, then they MUST all be repeated |
15008
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michael
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|
801 together and repeated headers MUST be identical |
17547 | 802 |
803 Each set of repeated headers not at the beginning or end of the file SHOULD | |
804 be stored at the earliest possible position after 2^x where x is | |
15008
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less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
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805 an integer and the file end, so the headers may be repeated at 4102 if that is |
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
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806 the closest position after 2^12=4096 at which the headers can be placed |
9294 | 807 |
17547 | 808 Note: this allows an implementation reading the file to locate backup |
809 headers in O(log filesize) time as opposed to O(filesize) | |
810 | |
15008
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michael
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14919
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|
811 headers MUST be placed at least at the start of the file and immediately before |
12501 | 812 the index or at the file end if there is no index |
16428 | 813 headers MUST be repeated at least twice (so they exist three times in a file) |
9295 | 814 |
16685 | 815 there MUST be a sync point immediately before the first frame after any headers |
12503 | 816 |
16842
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817 |
d977560c702b
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|
818 Index: |
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|
819 ------ |
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820 |
15008
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less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
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821 Note: with realtime streaming, there is no end, so no index there either |
17533 | 822 Index MAY only be repeated after main headers. |
17726 | 823 If an index is written anywhere in the file, it MUST be written at end of |
824 file as well. | |
9310 | 825 |
16842
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826 |
17669 | 827 Info: |
828 ----- | |
829 | |
17771 | 830 If a info packet is stored anywhere then a muxer MUST also store an identical |
831 info packet after every main-stream-header set | |
9310 | 832 |
17771 | 833 If a demuxer has seen several info packets with the same chapter_id and |
834 stream_id then it MUST ignore all but the one with the highest position in | |
835 the file | |
17669 | 836 |
17771 | 837 demxuxers SHOULD not search the whole file for info packets |
16842
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838 |
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|
839 demuxer (non-normative): |
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840 ------------------------ |
12501 | 841 |
16428 | 842 in the absence of a valid header at the beginning, players SHOULD search for |
843 backup headers starting at offset 2^x; for each x players SHOULD end their | |
844 search at a particular offset when any startcode is found (including syncpoint) | |
12501 | 845 |
16842
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846 |
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847 |
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848 Semantic requirements: |
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|
849 ====================== |
16429 | 850 |
17018
baf593fcf738
Change MUST to SHOULD have disposition and if applicable language tags.
al
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|
851 If more than one stream of a given stream class is present, each one SHOULD |
16429 | 852 have info tags specifying disposition, and if applicable, language. |
17018
baf593fcf738
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853 It often highly improves usability and is therefore strongly encouraged. |
16429 | 854 |
855 A demuxer MUST NOT demux a stream which contains more than one stream, or which | |
856 is wrapped in a structure to facilitate more than one stream or otherwise | |
857 duplicate the role of a container. any such file is to be considered invalid. | |
17798
2d02868030f0
double muxing examples (cant hurt to explictly mention the most common)
michael
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diff
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|
858 for example vorbis in ogg in nut is invalid, as is |
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double muxing examples (cant hurt to explictly mention the most common)
michael
parents:
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diff
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|
859 mpegvideo+mpegaudio in mpeg-ps/ts in nut or dvvideo + dvaudio in dv in nut |
16429 | 860 |
12501 | 861 |
16842
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862 |
d977560c702b
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|
863 Sample code (Public Domain, & untested): |
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864 ======================================== |
9294 | 865 |
866 typedef BufferContext{ | |
16686
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867 uint8_t *buf; |
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868 uint8_t *buf_ptr; |
9294 | 869 }BufferContext; |
870 | |
871 static inline uint64_t get_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count){ | |
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872 uint64_t val=0; |
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873 |
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874 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 875 |
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876 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ |
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877 val <<=8; |
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878 val += *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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879 } |
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880 |
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881 return val; |
9294 | 882 } |
883 | |
884 static inline void put_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count, uint64_t val){ | |
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885 uint64_t val=0; |
9294 | 886 |
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887 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 888 |
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889 for(i=count-1; i>=0; i--){ |
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890 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val >> (8*i); |
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891 } |
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892 |
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893 return val; |
9294 | 894 } |
895 | |
10061 | 896 static inline uint64_t get_v(BufferContext *bc){ |
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897 uint64_t val= 0; |
9294 | 898 |
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899 for(; space_left(bc) > 0; ){ |
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900 int tmp= *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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901 if(tmp&0x80) |
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902 val= (val<<7) + tmp - 0x80; |
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903 else |
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904 return (val<<7) + tmp; |
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905 } |
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906 |
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907 return -1; |
9294 | 908 } |
909 | |
10061 | 910 static inline int put_v(BufferContext *bc, uint64_t val){ |
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911 int i; |
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912 |
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913 if(space_left(bc) < 9) return -1; |
9294 | 914 |
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915 val &= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; // FIXME can only encode upto 63 bits currently |
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916 for(i=7; ; i+=7){ |
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917 if(val>>i == 0) break; |
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918 } |
9294 | 919 |
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920 for(i-=7; i>0; i-=7){ |
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921 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= 0x80 | (val>>i); |
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922 } |
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923 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val&0x7F; |
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924 |
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925 return 0; |
9579
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*signed int vlc (needs only 5 lines of code so its no increase of complexity)
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926 } |
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927 |
12333 | 928 static int64_t get_dts(int64_t pts, int64_t *pts_cache, int delay, int reset){ |
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929 if(reset) memset(pts_cache, -1, delay*sizeof(int64_t)); |
12333 | 930 |
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931 while(delay--){ |
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932 int64_t t= pts_cache[delay]; |
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933 if(t < pts){ |
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934 pts_cache[delay]= pts; |
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935 pts= t; |
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936 } |
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937 } |
12333 | 938 |
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939 return pts; |
12333 | 940 } |
941 | |
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942 |
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943 |
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944 Authors: |
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945 ======== |
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946 |
16428 | 947 Folks from the MPlayer developers mailing list (http://www.mplayerhq.hu/). |
948 Authors in alphabetical order: (FIXME! Tell us if we left you out) | |
16843 | 949 Beregszaszi, Alex (alex@fsn.hu) |
950 Bunkus, Moritz (moritz@bunkus.org) | |
951 Diedrich, Tobias (ranma+mplayer@tdiedrich.de) | |
952 Felker, Rich (dalias@aerifal.cx) | |
953 Franz, Fabian (FabianFranz@gmx.de) | |
954 Gereoffy, Arpad (arpi@thot.banki.hu) | |
955 Hess, Andreas (jaska@gmx.net) | |
956 Niedermayer, Michael (michaelni@gmx.at) | |
957 Shimon, Oded (ods15@ods15.dyndns.org) |