Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/tech/nut.txt @ 20649:3c3bba8c822b
intro
author | michael |
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date | Sat, 04 Nov 2006 13:33:35 +0000 |
parents | 44ea011155d1 |
children | 9003bae9e510 |
rev | line source |
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1 ================================== |
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2 NUT Open Container Format 20060713 |
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3 ================================== |
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5 | |
6 | |
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7 Intro: |
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8 ====== |
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9 |
20649 | 10 NUT is a Free multimedia container format for storeage of audio, video, |
11 subtitles and related user defined streams, it provides exact timestamps for | |
12 synchronization and seeking, is simple, has low overhead and can recover | |
13 in case of errors in the stream | |
14 | |
15 other common multimedia container formats are AVI, OGG, Matroska, MP4, MOV | |
16 ASF, MPEG-PS, MPEG-TS | |
17 | |
18 | |
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19 Features / goals: |
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20 (supported by the format, not necessarily by a specific implementation) |
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21 |
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22 Simple |
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23 use the same encoding for nearly all fields |
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24 simple decoding, so slow CPUs (and embedded systems) can handle it |
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25 |
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26 Extendible |
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27 no limit for the possible values of all fields (using universal vlc) |
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28 allow adding of new headers in the future |
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29 allow adding more fields at the end of headers |
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30 |
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31 Compact |
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32 ~0.2% overhead, for normal bitrates |
17438 | 33 index is <100kb per hour |
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34 a usual header for a file is about 100 bytes (audio + video headers together) |
17326 | 35 a packet header is about ~1-5 bytes |
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36 |
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37 Error resistant |
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38 seeking / playback without an index |
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39 headers & index can be repeated |
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40 damaged files can be played back with minimal data loss and fast |
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41 resync times |
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42 |
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43 The spec is frozen. All files following spec will be compatible unless the |
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44 spec is unfrozen. |
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45 |
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46 |
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47 Definitions: |
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48 ============ |
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49 |
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50 MUST the specific part must be done to conform to this standard |
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51 SHOULD it is recommended to be done that way, but not strictly required |
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52 |
20622 | 53 keyframe |
20631 | 54 The nth frame is a keyframe if and only if frames n, n+1, ... in |
55 presentation order (that are all frames with a pts >= frame[n].pts) can | |
56 be decoded successfully without reference to frames prior n in storeage | |
57 order (that are all frames with a dts < frame[n].dts) | |
58 if no such frames exist (for example due to use of overlapped transforms | |
59 like the MDCT in an audio codec) then the definition shall be extended | |
60 by droping n out of the set of frames which must be decodable, if this | |
61 is still insufficient then n+1 shall be droped, and so on until there is | |
62 a keyframe | |
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63 every frame which is marked as a keyframe MUST be a keyframe according to |
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64 the defintion above, a muxer MUST mark every frame it knows is a keyframe |
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65 as such, a muxer SHOULD NOT analyze future frames to determine the |
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66 keyframe status of the current frame but instead just set the frame as |
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67 non keyframe |
20622 | 68 (FIXME maybe move somewhere else?) |
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69 |
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70 |
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71 Syntax: |
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72 ======= |
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16428 | 74 Since NUT heavily uses variable length fields, the simplest way to describe it |
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75 is using a pseudocode approach. |
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76 |
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77 |
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78 |
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79 Conventions: |
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80 ============ |
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81 |
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82 The data types have a name, used in the bitstream syntax description, a short |
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83 text description and a pseudocode (functional) definition, optional notes may |
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84 follow: |
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85 |
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86 name (text description) |
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87 functional definition |
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88 [Optional notes] |
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89 |
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90 The bitstream syntax elements have a tagname and a functional definition, they |
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91 are presented in a bottom up approach, again optional notes may follow and |
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92 are reproduced in the tag description: |
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93 |
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94 name: (optional note) |
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95 functional definition |
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96 [Optional notes] |
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97 |
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98 The in-depth tag description follows the bitstream syntax. |
16428 | 99 The functional definition has a C-like syntax. |
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100 |
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101 |
12209 | 102 |
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103 Type definitions: |
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104 ================= |
12209 | 105 |
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106 f(n) (n fixed bits in big-endian order) |
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107 u(n) (unsigned number encoded in n bits in MSB-first order) |
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108 |
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109 v (variable length value, unsigned) |
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110 value=0 |
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111 do{ |
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112 more_data u(1) |
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113 data u(7) |
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114 value= 128*value + data |
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115 }while(more_data) |
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116 |
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117 s (variable length value, signed) |
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118 temp v |
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119 temp++ |
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120 if(temp&1) value= -(temp>>1) |
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121 else value= (temp>>1) |
9323 | 122 |
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123 b (binary data or string, to be use in vb, see below) |
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124 for(i=0; i<length; i++){ |
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125 data[i] u(8) |
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126 } |
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127 [Note: strings MUST be encoded in UTF-8] |
17835 | 128 [Note: the character NUL (U+0000) is not legal within |
129 or at the end of a string.] | |
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131 vb (variable length binary data or string) |
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132 length v |
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133 value b |
12117 | 134 |
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135 t (v coded universal timestamp) |
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136 tmp v |
17872 | 137 id= tmp % time_base_count |
138 value= (tmp / time_base_count) * time_base[id] | |
9295 | 139 |
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140 |
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141 Bitstream syntax: |
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142 ================= |
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143 |
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144 file: |
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145 file_id_string |
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146 while(!eof){ |
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147 if(next_byte == 'N'){ |
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148 packet_header |
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149 switch(startcode){ |
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150 case main_startcode: main_header; break; |
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151 case stream_startcode:stream_header; break; |
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152 case info_startcode: info_packet; break; |
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153 case index_startcode: index; break; |
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154 case syncpoint_startcode: syncpoint; break; |
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155 } |
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156 packet_footer |
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157 }else |
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158 frame |
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159 } |
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160 |
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161 the structure of a undamaged file should look like the following, but |
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162 demuxers should be flexible and be able to deal with damaged headers so the |
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163 above is a better loop in practice (not to mention its simpler) |
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164 note, demuxers MUST be able to deal with new and unknown headers |
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165 |
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166 file: |
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167 file_id_string |
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168 while(!eof){ |
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169 packet_header, main_header, packet_footer |
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170 reserved_headers |
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171 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ |
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172 packet_header, stream_header, packet_footer |
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173 reserved_headers |
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174 } |
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175 while(next_code == info_startcode){ |
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176 packet_header, info_packet, packet_footer |
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177 reserved_headers |
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178 } |
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179 if(next_code == index_startcode){ |
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180 packet_header, index_packet, packet_footer |
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181 } |
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182 if (!eof) while(next_code != main_startcode){ |
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183 if(next_code == syncpoint_startcode){ |
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184 packet_header, syncpoint, packet_footer |
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185 } |
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186 frame |
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187 reserved_headers |
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188 } |
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189 } |
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190 |
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191 |
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192 Common elements: |
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193 ---------------- |
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194 |
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195 reserved_bytes: |
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196 for(i=0; i<forward_ptr - length_of_non_reserved; i++) |
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197 reserved u(8) |
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198 [a demuxer MUST ignore any reserved bytes |
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199 a muxer MUST NOT write any reserved bytes, as this would make it |
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200 impossible to add new fields at the end of packets in the future |
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201 in a compatible way] |
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202 |
17845 | 203 packet_header |
204 startcode f(64) | |
205 forward_ptr v | |
206 if(forward_ptr > 4096) | |
207 header_checksum u(32) | |
208 | |
209 packet_footer | |
210 reserved_bytes | |
211 checksum u(32) | |
17873 | 212 [Note: in index packet, reserved_bytes comes before index_ptr] |
17845 | 213 |
214 reserved_headers | |
215 while(next_byte == 'N' && next_code != main_startcode | |
216 && next_code != stream_startcode | |
217 && next_code != info_startcode | |
218 && next_code != index_startcode | |
219 && next_code != syncpoint_startcode){ | |
220 packet_header | |
221 packet_footer | |
222 } | |
223 | |
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224 Headers: |
10824 | 225 |
20619 | 226 main_header: |
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227 version v |
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228 stream_count v |
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229 max_distance v |
17872 | 230 time_base_count v |
231 for(i=0; i<time_base_count; i++) | |
232 time_base_nom v | |
233 time_base_denom v | |
234 time_base[i]= time_base_nom/time_base_denom | |
17437 | 235 tmp_pts=0 |
236 tmp_mul=1 | |
237 tmp_stream=0 | |
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238 for(i=0; i<256; ){ |
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239 tmp_flag v |
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240 tmp_fields v |
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241 if(tmp_fields>0) tmp_pts s |
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242 if(tmp_fields>1) tmp_mul v |
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243 if(tmp_fields>2) tmp_stream v |
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244 if(tmp_fields>3) tmp_size v |
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245 else tmp_size=0 |
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246 if(tmp_fields>4) tmp_res v |
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247 else tmp_res=0 |
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248 if(tmp_fields>5) count v |
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249 else count= tmp_mul - tmp_size |
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250 for(j=6; j<tmp_fields; j++){ |
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251 tmp_reserved[i] v |
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252 } |
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253 for(j=0; j<count && i<256; j++, i++){ |
17612 | 254 if (i == 'N') { |
17718 | 255 flags[i]= FLAG_INVALID; |
17612 | 256 j--; |
257 continue; | |
258 } | |
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259 flags[i]= tmp_flag; |
17887 | 260 stream_id[i]= tmp_stream; |
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261 data_size_mul[i]= tmp_mul; |
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262 data_size_lsb[i]= tmp_size + j; |
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263 pts_delta[i]= tmp_pts; |
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264 reserved_count[i]= tmp_res; |
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265 } |
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266 } |
9294 | 267 |
268 stream_header: | |
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269 stream_id v |
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270 stream_class v |
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271 fourcc vb |
17872 | 272 time_base_id v |
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273 msb_pts_shift v |
17577 | 274 max_pts_distance v |
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275 decode_delay v |
17939 | 276 stream_flags v |
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277 codec_specific_data vb |
17640 | 278 if(stream_class == video){ |
279 width v | |
280 height v | |
281 sample_width v | |
282 sample_height v | |
283 colorspace_type v | |
284 }else if(stream_class == audio){ | |
285 samplerate_nom v | |
286 samplerate_denom v | |
287 channel_count v | |
288 } | |
16429 | 289 |
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290 Basic Packets: |
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291 |
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292 frame: |
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293 frame_code f(8) |
17718 | 294 frame_flags= flags[frame_code] |
295 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED){ | |
296 coded_flags v | |
297 frame_flags ^= coded_flags | |
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298 } |
17887 | 299 if(frame_flags&FLAG_STREAM_ID){ |
300 stream_id v | |
301 } | |
302 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED_PTS){ | |
303 coded_pts v | |
304 } | |
17718 | 305 if(frame_flags&FLAG_SIZE_MSB){ |
306 data_size_msb v | |
17437 | 307 } |
17887 | 308 if(frame_flags&FLAG_RESERVED) |
309 reserved_count[frame_code] v | |
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310 for(i=0; i<reserved_count[frame_code]; i++) |
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311 reserved v |
17723 | 312 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CHECKSUM){ |
17711 | 313 checksum u(32) |
17584 | 314 } |
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315 data |
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316 |
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317 index: |
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318 max_pts t |
17438 | 319 syncpoints v |
17720 | 320 for(i=0; i<syncpoints; i++){ |
17800 | 321 syncpoint_pos_div16 v |
17438 | 322 } |
323 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ | |
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324 last_pts= -1 |
17720 | 325 for(j=0; j<syncpoints; ){ |
17438 | 326 x v |
327 type= x & 1 | |
328 x>>=1 | |
17455 | 329 n=j |
17438 | 330 if(type){ |
331 flag= x & 1 | |
332 x>>=1 | |
333 while(x--) | |
17455 | 334 has_keyframe[n++][i]=flag |
335 has_keyframe[n++][i]=!flag; | |
17438 | 336 }else{ |
337 while(x != 1){ | |
17455 | 338 has_keyframe[n++][i]=x&1; |
17438 | 339 x>>=1; |
340 } | |
341 } | |
17455 | 342 for(; j<n && j<syncpoints; j++){ |
343 if (!has_keyframe[j][i]) continue | |
344 A v | |
17531 | 345 if(!A){ |
346 A v | |
347 B v | |
348 eor_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A + B | |
349 }else | |
350 B=0 | |
351 keyframe_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A | |
352 last_pts += A + B | |
17455 | 353 } |
17438 | 354 } |
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355 } |
17873 | 356 reserved_bytes |
17726 | 357 index_ptr u(64) |
9294 | 358 |
17711 | 359 info_packet: |
17669 | 360 stream_id_plus1 v |
361 chapter_id v | |
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362 chapter_start t |
17708 | 363 chapter_len v |
17669 | 364 count v |
365 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ | |
366 name vb | |
367 value s | |
368 if (value==-1){ | |
369 type= "UTF-8" | |
370 value vb | |
371 }else if (value==-2){ | |
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372 type vb |
17669 | 373 value vb |
374 }else if (value==-3){ | |
17685 | 375 type= "s" |
17326 | 376 value s |
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377 }else if (value==-4){ |
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378 type= "t" |
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379 value t |
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380 }else if (value<-4){ |
17685 | 381 type= "r" |
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382 value.den= -value-4 |
17669 | 383 value.num s |
384 }else{ | |
17685 | 385 type= "v" |
17669 | 386 } |
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387 } |
16506 | 388 |
17326 | 389 syncpoint: |
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390 global_key_pts t |
17800 | 391 back_ptr_div16 v |
12413 | 392 |
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393 Complete definition: |
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394 |
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395 |
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396 Tag description: |
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397 ---------------- |
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398 |
12242 | 399 file_id_string |
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400 "nut/multimedia container\0" |
9323 | 401 |
402 *_startcode | |
20468 | 403 all startcodes start with 'N' |
12162 | 404 |
405 main_startcode | |
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406 0x7A561F5F04ADULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'M')<<48) |
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407 |
12162 | 408 stream_starcode |
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409 0x11405BF2F9DBULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'S')<<48) |
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410 |
17326 | 411 syncpoint_startcode |
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412 0xE4ADEECA4569ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'K')<<48) |
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413 |
12162 | 414 index_startcode |
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415 0xDD672F23E64EULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'X')<<48) |
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416 |
12162 | 417 info_startcode |
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418 0xAB68B596BA78ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'I')<<48) |
9294 | 419 |
420 version | |
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421 NUT version. The current value is 3. All lower values are pre-freeze |
12238 | 422 |
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423 forward_ptr |
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424 size of the packet data (exactly the distance from the first byte |
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425 after the packet_header to the first byte of the next packet) |
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426 |
12333 | 427 max_distance |
17944 | 428 max distance between startcodes. If p1 and p2 are the byte |
429 positions of the first byte of two consecutive startcodes, then | |
430 p2-p1 MUST be less than or equal to max_distance unless the entire | |
431 span from p1 to p2 comprises a single packet or a syncpoint | |
432 followed by a single frame. This imposition places efficient upper | |
433 bounds on seek operations and allows for the detection of damaged | |
434 frame headers, should a chain of frame headers pass max_distance | |
435 without encountering any startcode. | |
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436 |
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437 syncpoints SHOULD be placed immediately before a keyframe if the |
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438 previous frame of the same stream was a non-keyframe, unless such |
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439 non-keyframe - keyframe transitions are very frequent |
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440 |
17722 | 441 SHOULD be set to <=32768 |
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442 if the stored value is >65536 then max_distance MUST be set to 65536 |
12501 | 443 |
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444 This is also half the max frame size without a checksum after the |
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445 frameheader. |
17799 | 446 |
447 | |
17577 | 448 max_pts_distance |
449 max absoloute difference of pts of new frame from last_pts in the | |
17944 | 450 timebase of the stream, without a checksum after the frameheader. |
451 A frame header MUST include a checksum if abs(pts-last_pts) is | |
452 strictly greater than max_pts_distance. | |
17711 | 453 Note that last_pts is not necessarily the pts of the last frame |
17577 | 454 on the same stream, as it is altered by syncpoint timestamps. |
17801 | 455 SHOULD NOT be higher than 1/timebase |
17577 | 456 |
16429 | 457 stream_id |
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458 Stream identifier |
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459 stream_id MUST be < stream_count |
9294 | 460 |
461 stream_class | |
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462 0 video |
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463 1 audio |
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464 2 subtiles |
17793 | 465 3 userdata |
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466 Note: the remaining values are reserved and MUST NOT be used |
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467 a demuxer MUST ignore streams with reserved classes |
9294 | 468 |
469 fourcc | |
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470 identification for the codec |
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471 example: "H264" |
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472 MUST contain 2 or 4 bytes, note, this might be increased in the future |
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473 if needed |
18899 | 474 the id values used are the same as in avi, so if a codec uses a specific |
475 fourcc in avi then the same fourcc MUST be used here | |
9294 | 476 |
9297 | 477 time_base_nom / time_base_denom = time_base |
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478 the length of a timer tick in seconds, this MUST be equal to the 1/fps |
17939 | 479 if FLAG_FIXED_FPS is set |
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480 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0 |
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481 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime |
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482 time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31 |
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483 examples: |
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484 fps time_base_nom time_base_denom |
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485 30 1 30 |
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486 29.97 1001 30000 |
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487 23.976 1001 24000 |
17883 | 488 There MUST NOT be 2 identical timebases in a file. |
489 There SHOULD NOT be more timebases than streams. | |
9294 | 490 |
17872 | 491 time_base_id |
492 id to time_base table | |
493 | |
17328 | 494 convert_ts |
495 To switch from 2 different timebases, the following calculation is | |
496 defined: | |
12413 | 497 |
17328 | 498 ln = from_time_base_nom*to_time_base_denom |
499 sn = from_timestamp | |
500 d1 = from_time_base_denom | |
501 d2 = to_time_base_nom | |
502 timestamp = (ln/d1*sn + ln%d1*sn/d1)/d2 | |
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503 Note: this calculation MUST be done with unsigned 64 bit integers, and |
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504 is equivalent to (ln*sn)/(d1*d2) but this would require a 96bit integer |
12413 | 505 |
17532 | 506 compare_ts |
507 Compares timestamps from 2 different timebases, | |
508 if a is before b then compare_ts(a, b) = -1 | |
509 if a is after b then compare_ts(a, b) = 1 | |
510 else compare_ts(a, b) = 0 | |
511 | |
512 Care must be taken that this is done exactly with no rounding errors, | |
513 simply casting to float or double and doing the obvious | |
514 a*timebase > b*timebase is not compliant or correct, neither is the | |
515 same with integers, and | |
516 a*a_timebase.num*b_timebase.den > b*b_timebase.num*a_timebase.den | |
517 will overflow. One possible implementation which shouldn't overflow | |
518 within the range of legal timestamps and timebases is: | |
519 | |
520 if (convert_ts(a, a_timebase, b_timebase) < b) return -1; | |
521 if (convert_ts(b, b_timebase, a_timebase) < a) return 1; | |
522 return 0; | |
523 | |
16429 | 524 msb_pts_shift |
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525 amount of bits in lsb_pts |
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526 MUST be <16 |
9294 | 527 |
12333 | 528 decode_delay |
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529 maximum time between input and output for a codec, used to generate |
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530 dts from pts |
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531 is set to 0 for streams without B-frames, and set to 1 for streams with |
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532 B-frames, may be larger for future codecs |
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533 decode_delay MUST NOT be set higher than necessary for a codec. |
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534 |
17939 | 535 stream_flags |
536 Bit Name Description | |
537 1 FLAG_FIXED_FPS indicates that the fps is fixed | |
9294 | 538 |
9356 | 539 codec_specific_data |
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540 private global data for a codec (could be huffman tables or ...) |
19105 | 541 if a codec has a global header it SHOULD be placed in here instead of |
542 at the start of every keyframe | |
543 the exact format is specified in the codec spec | |
19121 | 544 for H.264 the NAL units MUST be formated as in a bytestream |
545 (with 00 00 01 prefixes) | |
12082 | 546 |
547 frame_code | |
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548 the meaning of this byte is stored in the main header |
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549 the value 78 ('N') is forbidden to ensure that the byte is always |
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550 different from the first byte of any startcode |
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551 a muxer SHOULD mark 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid to improve error |
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552 detection |
9420 | 553 |
17718 | 554 flags[frame_code], frame_flags |
17940 | 555 Bit Name Description |
17809 | 556 1 FLAG_KEY if set, frame is keyframe |
557 2 FLAG_EOR if set, stream has no relevance on | |
17824 | 558 presentation. (EOR) |
17887 | 559 8 FLAG_CODED_PTS if set, coded_pts is in the frame header |
560 16 FLAG_STREAM_ID if set, stream_id is coded in the frame header | |
17809 | 561 32 FLAG_SIZE_MSB if set, data_size_msb is at frame header, |
562 otherwise data_size_msb is 0 | |
563 64 FLAG_CHECKSUM if set then the frame header contains a checksum | |
17887 | 564 128 FLAG_RESERVED if set, reserved_count is coded in the frame header |
17809 | 565 4096 FLAG_CODED if set, coded_flags are stored in the frame header. |
566 8192 FLAG_INVALID if set, frame_code is invalid. | |
17437 | 567 |
568 EOR frames MUST be zero-length and must be set keyframe. | |
569 All streams SHOULD end with EOR, where the pts of the EOR indicates the | |
570 end presentation time of the final frame. | |
571 An EOR set stream is unset by the first content frames. | |
17551 | 572 EOR can only be unset in streams with zero decode_delay . |
17944 | 573 FLAG_CHECKSUM MUST be set if the frame's data_size is strictly greater than |
574 2*max_distance or the difference abs(pts-last_pts) is strictly greater than | |
575 max_pts_distance (where pts represents this frame's pts and last_pts is | |
576 defined as below). | |
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577 |
20460 | 578 last_pts |
579 the timestamp of the last frame with the same stream_id as the current | |
580 if there is no such frame between the last syncpoint and the current | |
581 frame then the syncpoint timestamp is used, see global_key_pts | |
582 | |
17887 | 583 stream_id[frame_code] |
17826 | 584 MUST be <250 |
9579
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585 |
12082 | 586 data_size_mul[frame_code] |
17826 | 587 MUST be <16384 |
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588 |
12082 | 589 data_size_lsb[frame_code] |
17826 | 590 MUST be <16384 |
12082 | 591 |
16429 | 592 pts_delta[frame_code] |
17826 | 593 MUST be <16384 and >-16384 |
20460 | 594 if FLAG_CODED_PTS is set in the flags of the current frame then this |
595 value MUST be ignored, if FLAG_CODED_PTS is not set then pts_delta is the | |
596 difference between the current pts and last_pts | |
12413 | 597 |
17640 | 598 reserved_count[frame_code] |
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599 MUST be <256 |
17640 | 600 |
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601 data_size |
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602 data_size= data_size_lsb + data_size_msb*data_size_mul; |
12082 | 603 |
16429 | 604 coded_pts |
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605 if coded_pts < (1<<msb_pts_shift) then it is an lsb |
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606 pts, otherwise it is a full pts + (1<<msb_pts_shift) |
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607 lsb pts is converted to a full pts by: |
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608 mask = (1<<msb_pts_shift)-1; |
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609 delta = last_pts - mask/2 |
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610 pts = ((pts_lsb-delta)&mask) + delta |
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611 |
16429 | 612 lsb_pts |
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613 least significant bits of the pts in time_base precision |
9294 | 614 Example: IBBP display order |
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615 keyframe pts=0 -> pts=0 |
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616 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=3 |
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617 frame lsb_pts=1 -> pts=1 |
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618 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=2 |
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619 ... |
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620 keyframe msb_pts=257 -> pts=257 |
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621 frame lsb_pts=255 -> pts=255 |
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622 frame lsb_pts=0 -> pts=256 |
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623 frame lsb_pts=4 -> pts=260 |
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624 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=258 |
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625 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=259 |
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626 all pts's of keyframes of a single stream MUST be monotone |
9294 | 627 |
12333 | 628 dts |
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629 dts is calculated by using a decode_delay+1 sized buffer for each |
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630 stream, into which the current pts is inserted and the element with |
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631 the smallest value is removed, this is then the current dts |
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632 this buffer is initalized with decode_delay -1 elements |
17327 | 633 |
634 Pts of all frames in all streams MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all | |
17437 | 635 previous frames in all streams, compared in common timebase. (EOR |
636 frames are NOT exempt from this rule) | |
12333 | 637 |
9294 | 638 width/height |
17730 | 639 MUST be set to the coded width/height, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 640 |
641 sample_width/sample_height (aspect ratio) | |
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642 sample_width is the horizontal distance between samples |
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643 sample_width and sample_height MUST be relatively prime if not zero |
17795
a4e7458d61ed
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diff
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|
644 both MUST be 0 if unknown otherwise both MUST be non zero |
16686
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645 |
10158
93e5428d0b3e
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alex
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|
646 colorspace_type |
16686
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|
647 0 unknown |
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648 1 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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649 2 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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650 17 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
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651 18 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
10166 | 652 |
12333 | 653 samplerate_nom / samplerate_denom = samplerate |
17730 | 654 the number of samples per second, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 655 |
17683 | 656 crc32 checksum |
17710 | 657 Generator polynomial is 0x104C11DB7. Starting value is zero. |
17683 | 658 |
9294 | 659 checksum |
17577 | 660 crc32 checksum |
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661 checksum is calculated for the area pointed to by forward_ptr not |
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662 including the checksum itself (from first byte after the |
17808
278206dd6fbd
clarify, header_checksum is not included in forward_ptr and in packet checksum
ods15
parents:
17801
diff
changeset
|
663 packet_header until last byte before the checksum). |
17711 | 664 for frame headers the checksum contains the framecode byte and all |
665 following bytes upto the checksum itself | |
9294 | 666 |
17792 | 667 header_checksum |
668 checksum over the startcode and forward pointer | |
669 | |
17640 | 670 Syncpoint tags: |
671 --------------- | |
672 | |
17800 | 673 back_ptr_div16 |
674 back_ptr = back_ptr_div16 * 16 + 15 | |
675 back_ptr must point to a position within 16 bytes of a syncpoint | |
17439
f6e39517d5b6
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parents:
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diff
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|
676 startcode. This syncpoint MUST be the closest syncpoint such that at |
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|
677 least one keyframe with a pts lower or equal to the original syncpoint's |
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678 global_key_pts for all streams lies between it and the current syncpoint. |
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cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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|
679 |
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|
680 A stream where EOR is set is to be ignored for back_ptr. |
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cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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diff
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|
681 |
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diff
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|
682 global_key_pts |
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diff
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|
683 After a syncpoint, last_pts of each stream is to be set to: |
17872 | 684 last_pts[i] = convert_ts(global_key_pts, time_base[id], time_base[i]) |
17439
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ods15
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
685 |
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|
686 global_key_pts MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all past frames across |
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diff
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|
687 all streams, and smaller or equal to pts of all future frames. |
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|
688 |
17640 | 689 Index tags: |
690 ----------- | |
691 | |
16429 | 692 max_pts |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
michael
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diff
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|
693 The highest pts in the entire file |
9294 | 694 |
17800 | 695 syncpoint_pos_div16 |
696 offset from begginning of file to up to 15 bytes before the syncpoint | |
17438 | 697 referred to in this index entry. Relative to position of last |
698 syncpoint. | |
699 | |
700 has_keyframe | |
701 indicates whether this stream has a keyframe between this syncpoint and | |
702 the last syncpoint. | |
703 | |
704 keyframe_pts | |
705 The pts of the first keyframe for this stream in the region between the | |
17531 | 706 2 syncpoints, in the stream's timebase. (EOR frames are also keyframes) |
707 | |
708 eor_pts | |
709 Coded only if EOR is set at the position of the syncpoint. The pts of | |
710 that EOR. EOR is unset by the first keyframe after it. | |
9294 | 711 |
16429 | 712 index_ptr |
17726 | 713 Length in bytes of the entire index, from the first byte of the |
714 startcode until the last byte of the checksum. | |
715 Note: A demuxer can use this to find the index when it is written at | |
716 EOF, as index_ptr will always be 12 bytes before the end of file if | |
717 there is an index at all. | |
718 | |
16429 | 719 |
17640 | 720 Info tags: |
721 ---------- | |
722 | |
17669 | 723 stream_id_plus1 |
724 Stream this info packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
725 file. | |
726 | |
727 chapter_id | |
728 Id of chapter this packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
729 file. Positive chapter_id's are real chapters and MUST NOT overlap. | |
730 Negative chapter_id indicate a sub region of file and not a real | |
731 chapter. chapter_id MUST be unique to the region it represents. | |
17711 | 732 chapter_id n MUST not be used unless there are at least n chapters in the |
733 file | |
17669 | 734 |
735 chapter_start | |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
michael
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diff
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|
736 timestamp of start of chapter |
17669 | 737 |
738 chapter_len | |
739 Length of chapter in same timebase of chapter_start. | |
16686
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740 |
9323 | 741 type |
16686
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|
742 for example: "UTF8" -> string or "JPEG" -> JPEG image |
17685 | 743 "v" -> unsigned integer |
744 "s" -> signed integer | |
745 "r" -> rational | |
16686
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746 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
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747 Note: MUST be less than 6 byte long (might be increased to 64 later) |
9323 | 748 |
13308
8ff17d153414
info packet is now file global, while meta pakcet is stream specific, as discussed with Rich
alex
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
749 info packet types |
16686
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750 the name of the info entry, valid names are |
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751 "Author" |
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752 "Description" |
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|
753 "Copyright" |
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754 "Encoder" |
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755 the name & version of the software used for encoding |
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756 "Title" |
17669 | 757 "Cover" (allowed types are "PNG" and "JPEG") |
16686
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758 image of the (CD, DVD, VHS, ..) cover (preferably PNG or JPEG) |
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759 "Source" |
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760 "DVD", "VCD", "CD", "MD", "FM radio", "VHS", "TV", "LD" |
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761 Optional: appended PAL, NTSC, SECAM, ... in parentheses |
18899 | 762 "SourceContainer" |
763 "nut", "mkv", "mov", "avi", "ogg", "rm", "mpeg-ps", "mpeg-ts", "raw" | |
764 "SourceCodecTag" | |
765 the source codec id like a fourcc which was used to store a specific | |
766 stream in its SourceContainer | |
16686
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|
767 "CaptureDevice" |
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|
768 "BT878", "BT848", "webcam", ... (more exact names are fine too) |
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769 "CreationTime" |
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770 "2003-01-20 20:13:15Z", ... |
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771 (ISO 8601 format, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html) |
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|
772 Note: do not forget the timezone |
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|
773 "Keywords" |
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|
774 "Language" |
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|
775 ISO 639 and ISO 3166 for language/country code |
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776 something like "eng" (US english), can be 0 if unknown |
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|
777 and "multi" if several languages |
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778 see http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html |
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779 and http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html |
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|
780 the language code |
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|
781 "Disposition" |
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|
782 "original", "dub" (translated), "comment", "lyrics", "karaoke" |
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|
783 Note: if someone needs some others, please tell us about them, so we |
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|
784 can add them to the official standard (if they are sane) |
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785 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
17686 | 786 Note: names of fields SHOULD be in English if a word with the same |
17653 | 787 meaning exists in English |
16686
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|
788 Note: MUST be less than 64 bytes long |
9295 | 789 |
790 value | |
16686
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|
791 value of this name/type pair |
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|
792 |
9310 | 793 stuffing |
16686
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794 0x80 can be placed in front of any type v entry for stuffing purposes |
17797
b1d80d05eaa8
limit stuffing to prevent header_checksum from endup being useless due to a gb of 0x80 after a 'N'
michael
parents:
17796
diff
changeset
|
795 except the forward_ptr and all fields in the frame header where a |
b1d80d05eaa8
limit stuffing to prevent header_checksum from endup being useless due to a gb of 0x80 after a 'N'
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diff
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796 maximum of 8 stuffing bytes per field are allowed |
9294 | 797 |
16842
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|
798 |
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|
799 Structure: |
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|
800 ---------- |
9294 | 801 |
802 the headers MUST be in exactly the following order (to simplify demuxer design) | |
803 main header | |
804 stream_header (id=0) | |
805 stream_header (id=1) | |
806 ... | |
807 stream_header (id=n) | |
808 | |
16686
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|
809 headers may be repeated, but if they are, then they MUST all be repeated |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
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diff
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|
810 together and repeated headers MUST be identical |
17547 | 811 |
812 Each set of repeated headers not at the beginning or end of the file SHOULD | |
813 be stored at the earliest possible position after 2^x where x is | |
15008
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less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
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|
814 an integer and the file end, so the headers may be repeated at 4102 if that is |
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
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diff
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|
815 the closest position after 2^12=4096 at which the headers can be placed |
9294 | 816 |
17547 | 817 Note: this allows an implementation reading the file to locate backup |
818 headers in O(log filesize) time as opposed to O(filesize) | |
819 | |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
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michael
parents:
14919
diff
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|
820 headers MUST be placed at least at the start of the file and immediately before |
12501 | 821 the index or at the file end if there is no index |
16428 | 822 headers MUST be repeated at least twice (so they exist three times in a file) |
9295 | 823 |
16685 | 824 there MUST be a sync point immediately before the first frame after any headers |
12503 | 825 |
16842
d977560c702b
Reformat section titles so that it becomes easier to tell sections and
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|
826 |
d977560c702b
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|
827 Index: |
d977560c702b
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|
828 ------ |
d977560c702b
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829 |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
parents:
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|
830 Note: with realtime streaming, there is no end, so no index there either |
17533 | 831 Index MAY only be repeated after main headers. |
17726 | 832 If an index is written anywhere in the file, it MUST be written at end of |
833 file as well. | |
9310 | 834 |
16842
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|
835 |
17669 | 836 Info: |
837 ----- | |
838 | |
17771 | 839 If a info packet is stored anywhere then a muxer MUST also store an identical |
840 info packet after every main-stream-header set | |
9310 | 841 |
17771 | 842 If a demuxer has seen several info packets with the same chapter_id and |
843 stream_id then it MUST ignore all but the one with the highest position in | |
844 the file | |
17669 | 845 |
17771 | 846 demxuxers SHOULD not search the whole file for info packets |
16842
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|
847 |
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|
848 demuxer (non-normative): |
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|
849 ------------------------ |
12501 | 850 |
16428 | 851 in the absence of a valid header at the beginning, players SHOULD search for |
852 backup headers starting at offset 2^x; for each x players SHOULD end their | |
853 search at a particular offset when any startcode is found (including syncpoint) | |
12501 | 854 |
16842
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855 |
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changeset
|
856 |
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|
857 Semantic requirements: |
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|
858 ====================== |
16429 | 859 |
17018
baf593fcf738
Change MUST to SHOULD have disposition and if applicable language tags.
al
parents:
16843
diff
changeset
|
860 If more than one stream of a given stream class is present, each one SHOULD |
16429 | 861 have info tags specifying disposition, and if applicable, language. |
17018
baf593fcf738
Change MUST to SHOULD have disposition and if applicable language tags.
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diff
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862 It often highly improves usability and is therefore strongly encouraged. |
16429 | 863 |
864 A demuxer MUST NOT demux a stream which contains more than one stream, or which | |
865 is wrapped in a structure to facilitate more than one stream or otherwise | |
866 duplicate the role of a container. any such file is to be considered invalid. | |
17798
2d02868030f0
double muxing examples (cant hurt to explictly mention the most common)
michael
parents:
17797
diff
changeset
|
867 for example vorbis in ogg in nut is invalid, as is |
2d02868030f0
double muxing examples (cant hurt to explictly mention the most common)
michael
parents:
17797
diff
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|
868 mpegvideo+mpegaudio in mpeg-ps/ts in nut or dvvideo + dvaudio in dv in nut |
16429 | 869 |
12501 | 870 |
16842
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|
871 |
d977560c702b
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|
872 Sample code (Public Domain, & untested): |
d977560c702b
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|
873 ======================================== |
9294 | 874 |
875 typedef BufferContext{ | |
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876 uint8_t *buf; |
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877 uint8_t *buf_ptr; |
9294 | 878 }BufferContext; |
879 | |
880 static inline uint64_t get_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count){ | |
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881 uint64_t val=0; |
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882 |
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883 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 884 |
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885 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ |
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886 val <<=8; |
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887 val += *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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888 } |
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889 |
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890 return val; |
9294 | 891 } |
892 | |
893 static inline void put_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count, uint64_t val){ | |
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894 uint64_t val=0; |
9294 | 895 |
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896 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 897 |
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898 for(i=count-1; i>=0; i--){ |
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899 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val >> (8*i); |
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900 } |
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901 |
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902 return val; |
9294 | 903 } |
904 | |
10061 | 905 static inline uint64_t get_v(BufferContext *bc){ |
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906 uint64_t val= 0; |
9294 | 907 |
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908 for(; space_left(bc) > 0; ){ |
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909 int tmp= *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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910 if(tmp&0x80) |
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911 val= (val<<7) + tmp - 0x80; |
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912 else |
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913 return (val<<7) + tmp; |
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914 } |
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915 |
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916 return -1; |
9294 | 917 } |
918 | |
10061 | 919 static inline int put_v(BufferContext *bc, uint64_t val){ |
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920 int i; |
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921 |
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922 if(space_left(bc) < 9) return -1; |
9294 | 923 |
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924 val &= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; // FIXME can only encode upto 63 bits currently |
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925 for(i=7; ; i+=7){ |
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926 if(val>>i == 0) break; |
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927 } |
9294 | 928 |
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929 for(i-=7; i>0; i-=7){ |
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930 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= 0x80 | (val>>i); |
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931 } |
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932 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val&0x7F; |
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933 |
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934 return 0; |
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*signed int vlc (needs only 5 lines of code so its no increase of complexity)
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935 } |
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*signed int vlc (needs only 5 lines of code so its no increase of complexity)
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936 |
12333 | 937 static int64_t get_dts(int64_t pts, int64_t *pts_cache, int delay, int reset){ |
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938 if(reset) memset(pts_cache, -1, delay*sizeof(int64_t)); |
12333 | 939 |
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940 while(delay--){ |
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941 int64_t t= pts_cache[delay]; |
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942 if(t < pts){ |
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943 pts_cache[delay]= pts; |
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944 pts= t; |
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945 } |
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946 } |
12333 | 947 |
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948 return pts; |
12333 | 949 } |
950 | |
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951 |
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952 |
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953 Authors: |
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954 ======== |
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some changes (michael: is the colorspace_type field needed?)
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955 |
16428 | 956 Folks from the MPlayer developers mailing list (http://www.mplayerhq.hu/). |
957 Authors in alphabetical order: (FIXME! Tell us if we left you out) | |
16843 | 958 Beregszaszi, Alex (alex@fsn.hu) |
959 Bunkus, Moritz (moritz@bunkus.org) | |
960 Diedrich, Tobias (ranma+mplayer@tdiedrich.de) | |
961 Felker, Rich (dalias@aerifal.cx) | |
962 Franz, Fabian (FabianFranz@gmx.de) | |
963 Gereoffy, Arpad (arpi@thot.banki.hu) | |
964 Hess, Andreas (jaska@gmx.net) | |
965 Niedermayer, Michael (michaelni@gmx.at) | |
966 Shimon, Oded (ods15@ods15.dyndns.org) |