Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/tech/nut.txt @ 20966:dc1a02e98cb6
clarify syncpoint placement recommanditions
(note i would also like to add a "there MUST be 1 syncpoint per second" rule)
author | michael |
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date | Fri, 17 Nov 2006 13:32:45 +0000 |
parents | a8651041ba2b |
children | ad87c5c9bb94 |
rev | line source |
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1 ================================== |
20922 | 2 NUT Open Container Format 20061104 |
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3 ================================== |
9294 | 4 |
5 | |
6 | |
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7 Intro: |
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8 ====== |
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9 |
20649 | 10 NUT is a Free multimedia container format for storeage of audio, video, |
11 subtitles and related user defined streams, it provides exact timestamps for | |
12 synchronization and seeking, is simple, has low overhead and can recover | |
13 in case of errors in the stream | |
14 | |
15 other common multimedia container formats are AVI, OGG, Matroska, MP4, MOV | |
16 ASF, MPEG-PS, MPEG-TS | |
17 | |
18 | |
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19 Features / goals: |
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20 (supported by the format, not necessarily by a specific implementation) |
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21 |
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22 Simple |
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23 use the same encoding for nearly all fields |
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24 simple decoding, so slow CPUs (and embedded systems) can handle it |
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25 |
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26 Extendible |
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27 no limit for the possible values of all fields (using universal vlc) |
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28 allow adding of new headers in the future |
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29 allow adding more fields at the end of headers |
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30 |
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31 Compact |
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32 ~0.2% overhead, for normal bitrates |
17438 | 33 index is <100kb per hour |
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34 a usual header for a file is about 100 bytes (audio + video headers together) |
17326 | 35 a packet header is about ~1-5 bytes |
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36 |
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37 Error resistant |
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38 seeking / playback without an index |
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39 headers & index can be repeated |
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40 damaged files can be played back with minimal data loss and fast |
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41 resync times |
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42 |
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43 The spec is frozen. All files following spec will be compatible unless the |
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44 spec is unfrozen. |
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45 |
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46 |
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47 Definitions: |
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48 ============ |
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49 |
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50 MUST the specific part must be done to conform to this standard |
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51 SHOULD it is recommended to be done that way, but not strictly required |
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52 |
20622 | 53 keyframe |
20772 | 54 A keyframe is a frame from which you can start decoding, a more |
55 exact definition is below | |
20631 | 56 The nth frame is a keyframe if and only if frames n, n+1, ... in |
57 presentation order (that are all frames with a pts >= frame[n].pts) can | |
58 be decoded successfully without reference to frames prior n in storeage | |
59 order (that are all frames with a dts < frame[n].dts) | |
60 if no such frames exist (for example due to use of overlapped transforms | |
61 like the MDCT in an audio codec) then the definition shall be extended | |
62 by droping n out of the set of frames which must be decodable, if this | |
63 is still insufficient then n+1 shall be droped, and so on until there is | |
64 a keyframe | |
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65 every frame which is marked as a keyframe MUST be a keyframe according to |
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66 the defintion above, a muxer MUST mark every frame it knows is a keyframe |
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67 as such, a muxer SHOULD NOT analyze future frames to determine the |
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68 keyframe status of the current frame but instead just set the frame as |
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69 non keyframe |
20622 | 70 (FIXME maybe move somewhere else?) |
20870 | 71 pts |
72 presentation time of the first frame/sample that is completed by decoding | |
73 the coded frame. | |
74 dts | |
20964 | 75 of a frame is the time when it is input into a synchronous 1-in-1-out |
76 decoder | |
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77 |
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78 |
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79 Syntax: |
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80 ======= |
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16428 | 82 Since NUT heavily uses variable length fields, the simplest way to describe it |
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83 is using a pseudocode approach. |
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84 |
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85 |
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86 |
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87 Conventions: |
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88 ============ |
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89 |
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90 The data types have a name, used in the bitstream syntax description, a short |
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91 text description and a pseudocode (functional) definition, optional notes may |
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92 follow: |
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93 |
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94 name (text description) |
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95 functional definition |
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96 [Optional notes] |
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97 |
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98 The bitstream syntax elements have a tagname and a functional definition, they |
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99 are presented in a bottom up approach, again optional notes may follow and |
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100 are reproduced in the tag description: |
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101 |
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102 name: (optional note) |
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103 functional definition |
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104 [Optional notes] |
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105 |
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106 The in-depth tag description follows the bitstream syntax. |
16428 | 107 The functional definition has a C-like syntax. |
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108 |
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109 |
12209 | 110 |
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111 Type definitions: |
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112 ================= |
12209 | 113 |
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114 f(n) (n fixed bits in big-endian order) |
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115 u(n) (unsigned number encoded in n bits in MSB-first order) |
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116 |
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117 v (variable length value, unsigned) |
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118 value=0 |
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119 do{ |
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120 more_data u(1) |
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121 data u(7) |
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122 value= 128*value + data |
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123 }while(more_data) |
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124 |
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125 s (variable length value, signed) |
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126 temp v |
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127 temp++ |
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128 if(temp&1) value= -(temp>>1) |
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129 else value= (temp>>1) |
9323 | 130 |
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131 b (binary data or string, to be use in vb, see below) |
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132 for(i=0; i<length; i++){ |
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133 data[i] u(8) |
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134 } |
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135 [Note: strings MUST be encoded in UTF-8] |
17835 | 136 [Note: the character NUL (U+0000) is not legal within |
137 or at the end of a string.] | |
9295 | 138 |
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139 vb (variable length binary data or string) |
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140 length v |
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141 value b |
12117 | 142 |
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143 t (v coded universal timestamp) |
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144 tmp v |
17872 | 145 id= tmp % time_base_count |
146 value= (tmp / time_base_count) * time_base[id] | |
9295 | 147 |
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148 |
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149 Bitstream syntax: |
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150 ================= |
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151 |
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152 file: |
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153 file_id_string |
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154 while(!eof){ |
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155 if(next_byte == 'N'){ |
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156 packet_header |
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157 switch(startcode){ |
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158 case main_startcode: main_header; break; |
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159 case stream_startcode:stream_header; break; |
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160 case info_startcode: info_packet; break; |
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161 case index_startcode: index; break; |
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162 case syncpoint_startcode: syncpoint; break; |
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163 } |
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164 packet_footer |
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165 }else |
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166 frame |
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167 } |
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168 |
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169 the structure of a undamaged file should look like the following, but |
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170 demuxers should be flexible and be able to deal with damaged headers so the |
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171 above is a better loop in practice (not to mention its simpler) |
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172 note, demuxers MUST be able to deal with new and unknown headers |
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173 |
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174 file: |
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175 file_id_string |
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176 while(!eof){ |
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177 packet_header, main_header, packet_footer |
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178 reserved_headers |
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179 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ |
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180 packet_header, stream_header, packet_footer |
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181 reserved_headers |
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182 } |
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183 while(next_code == info_startcode){ |
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184 packet_header, info_packet, packet_footer |
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185 reserved_headers |
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186 } |
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187 if(next_code == index_startcode){ |
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188 packet_header, index_packet, packet_footer |
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189 } |
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190 if (!eof) while(next_code != main_startcode){ |
20922 | 191 if(next_code == syncpoint_startcode){ |
192 packet_header, syncpoint, packet_footer | |
193 } | |
194 frame | |
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195 reserved_headers |
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196 } |
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197 } |
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198 |
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199 |
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200 Common elements: |
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201 ---------------- |
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202 |
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203 reserved_bytes: |
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204 for(i=0; i<forward_ptr - length_of_non_reserved; i++) |
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205 reserved u(8) |
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206 [a demuxer MUST ignore any reserved bytes |
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207 a muxer MUST NOT write any reserved bytes, as this would make it |
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208 impossible to add new fields at the end of packets in the future |
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209 in a compatible way] |
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210 |
17845 | 211 packet_header |
212 startcode f(64) | |
213 forward_ptr v | |
214 if(forward_ptr > 4096) | |
215 header_checksum u(32) | |
216 | |
217 packet_footer | |
218 reserved_bytes | |
219 checksum u(32) | |
17873 | 220 [Note: in index packet, reserved_bytes comes before index_ptr] |
17845 | 221 |
222 reserved_headers | |
223 while(next_byte == 'N' && next_code != main_startcode | |
224 && next_code != stream_startcode | |
225 && next_code != info_startcode | |
226 && next_code != index_startcode | |
227 && next_code != syncpoint_startcode){ | |
228 packet_header | |
229 packet_footer | |
230 } | |
231 | |
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232 Headers: |
10824 | 233 |
20619 | 234 main_header: |
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235 version v |
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236 stream_count v |
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237 max_distance v |
17872 | 238 time_base_count v |
239 for(i=0; i<time_base_count; i++) | |
240 time_base_nom v | |
241 time_base_denom v | |
242 time_base[i]= time_base_nom/time_base_denom | |
17437 | 243 tmp_pts=0 |
244 tmp_mul=1 | |
245 tmp_stream=0 | |
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246 for(i=0; i<256; ){ |
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247 tmp_flag v |
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248 tmp_fields v |
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249 if(tmp_fields>0) tmp_pts s |
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250 if(tmp_fields>1) tmp_mul v |
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251 if(tmp_fields>2) tmp_stream v |
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252 if(tmp_fields>3) tmp_size v |
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253 else tmp_size=0 |
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254 if(tmp_fields>4) tmp_res v |
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255 else tmp_res=0 |
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256 if(tmp_fields>5) count v |
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257 else count= tmp_mul - tmp_size |
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258 for(j=6; j<tmp_fields; j++){ |
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259 tmp_reserved[i] v |
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260 } |
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261 for(j=0; j<count && i<256; j++, i++){ |
17612 | 262 if (i == 'N') { |
17718 | 263 flags[i]= FLAG_INVALID; |
17612 | 264 j--; |
265 continue; | |
266 } | |
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267 flags[i]= tmp_flag; |
17887 | 268 stream_id[i]= tmp_stream; |
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269 data_size_mul[i]= tmp_mul; |
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270 data_size_lsb[i]= tmp_size + j; |
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271 pts_delta[i]= tmp_pts; |
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272 reserved_count[i]= tmp_res; |
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273 } |
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274 } |
9294 | 275 |
276 stream_header: | |
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277 stream_id v |
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278 stream_class v |
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279 fourcc vb |
17872 | 280 time_base_id v |
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281 msb_pts_shift v |
17577 | 282 max_pts_distance v |
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283 decode_delay v |
17939 | 284 stream_flags v |
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285 codec_specific_data vb |
17640 | 286 if(stream_class == video){ |
287 width v | |
288 height v | |
289 sample_width v | |
290 sample_height v | |
291 colorspace_type v | |
292 }else if(stream_class == audio){ | |
293 samplerate_nom v | |
294 samplerate_denom v | |
295 channel_count v | |
296 } | |
16429 | 297 |
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298 Basic Packets: |
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299 |
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300 frame: |
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301 frame_code f(8) |
17718 | 302 frame_flags= flags[frame_code] |
303 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED){ | |
304 coded_flags v | |
305 frame_flags ^= coded_flags | |
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306 } |
17887 | 307 if(frame_flags&FLAG_STREAM_ID){ |
308 stream_id v | |
309 } | |
310 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CODED_PTS){ | |
311 coded_pts v | |
312 } | |
17718 | 313 if(frame_flags&FLAG_SIZE_MSB){ |
314 data_size_msb v | |
17437 | 315 } |
17887 | 316 if(frame_flags&FLAG_RESERVED) |
317 reserved_count[frame_code] v | |
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318 for(i=0; i<reserved_count[frame_code]; i++) |
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319 reserved v |
17723 | 320 if(frame_flags&FLAG_CHECKSUM){ |
17711 | 321 checksum u(32) |
17584 | 322 } |
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323 data |
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324 |
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325 index: |
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326 max_pts t |
17438 | 327 syncpoints v |
17720 | 328 for(i=0; i<syncpoints; i++){ |
17800 | 329 syncpoint_pos_div16 v |
17438 | 330 } |
331 for(i=0; i<stream_count; i++){ | |
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332 last_pts= -1 |
17720 | 333 for(j=0; j<syncpoints; ){ |
17438 | 334 x v |
335 type= x & 1 | |
336 x>>=1 | |
17455 | 337 n=j |
17438 | 338 if(type){ |
339 flag= x & 1 | |
340 x>>=1 | |
341 while(x--) | |
17455 | 342 has_keyframe[n++][i]=flag |
343 has_keyframe[n++][i]=!flag; | |
17438 | 344 }else{ |
345 while(x != 1){ | |
17455 | 346 has_keyframe[n++][i]=x&1; |
17438 | 347 x>>=1; |
348 } | |
349 } | |
17455 | 350 for(; j<n && j<syncpoints; j++){ |
351 if (!has_keyframe[j][i]) continue | |
352 A v | |
17531 | 353 if(!A){ |
354 A v | |
355 B v | |
356 eor_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A + B | |
357 }else | |
358 B=0 | |
359 keyframe_pts[j][i] = last_pts + A | |
360 last_pts += A + B | |
17455 | 361 } |
17438 | 362 } |
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363 } |
17873 | 364 reserved_bytes |
17726 | 365 index_ptr u(64) |
9294 | 366 |
17711 | 367 info_packet: |
17669 | 368 stream_id_plus1 v |
20658 | 369 chapter_id s (Note due to a typo this was v |
370 until 2006-11-04) | |
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371 chapter_start t |
17708 | 372 chapter_len v |
17669 | 373 count v |
374 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ | |
375 name vb | |
376 value s | |
377 if (value==-1){ | |
378 type= "UTF-8" | |
379 value vb | |
380 }else if (value==-2){ | |
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381 type vb |
17669 | 382 value vb |
383 }else if (value==-3){ | |
17685 | 384 type= "s" |
17326 | 385 value s |
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386 }else if (value==-4){ |
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387 type= "t" |
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388 value t |
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389 }else if (value<-4){ |
17685 | 390 type= "r" |
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391 value.den= -value-4 |
17669 | 392 value.num s |
393 }else{ | |
17685 | 394 type= "v" |
17669 | 395 } |
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396 } |
16506 | 397 |
17326 | 398 syncpoint: |
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399 global_key_pts t |
17800 | 400 back_ptr_div16 v |
12413 | 401 |
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402 Complete definition: |
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403 |
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404 |
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405 Tag description: |
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406 ---------------- |
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407 |
12242 | 408 file_id_string |
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409 "nut/multimedia container\0" |
20822 | 410 the very first thing in every nut file, usefull for identifying nut |
411 files | |
9323 | 412 |
413 *_startcode | |
20468 | 414 all startcodes start with 'N' |
12162 | 415 |
416 main_startcode | |
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417 0x7A561F5F04ADULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'M')<<48) |
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418 |
12162 | 419 stream_starcode |
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420 0x11405BF2F9DBULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'S')<<48) |
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421 |
17326 | 422 syncpoint_startcode |
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423 0xE4ADEECA4569ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'K')<<48) |
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424 |
12162 | 425 index_startcode |
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426 0xDD672F23E64EULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'X')<<48) |
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427 |
12162 | 428 info_startcode |
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429 0xAB68B596BA78ULL + (((uint64_t)('N'<<8) + 'I')<<48) |
9294 | 430 |
431 version | |
19056
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432 NUT version. The current value is 3. All lower values are pre-freeze |
12238 | 433 |
20822 | 434 stream_count |
435 number of streams in this file | |
436 | |
20823 | 437 time_base_count |
438 number of different time bases in this file | |
439 this MUST NOT be 0 | |
440 | |
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441 forward_ptr |
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442 size of the packet data (exactly the distance from the first byte |
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443 after the packet_header to the first byte of the next packet) |
20822 | 444 every nut packet contains a forward_ptr immedeatly after its startcode |
445 with the exception of frame_code based packets, the forward pointer | |
446 can be used to skip over the packet without decoding its contents | |
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447 |
12333 | 448 max_distance |
17944 | 449 max distance between startcodes. If p1 and p2 are the byte |
450 positions of the first byte of two consecutive startcodes, then | |
451 p2-p1 MUST be less than or equal to max_distance unless the entire | |
452 span from p1 to p2 comprises a single packet or a syncpoint | |
453 followed by a single frame. This imposition places efficient upper | |
454 bounds on seek operations and allows for the detection of damaged | |
455 frame headers, should a chain of frame headers pass max_distance | |
456 without encountering any startcode. | |
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457 |
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458 syncpoints SHOULD be placed immediately before a keyframe if the |
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459 previous frame of the same stream was a non-keyframe, unless such |
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460 non-keyframe - keyframe transitions are very frequent |
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461 |
17722 | 462 SHOULD be set to <=32768 |
17823
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463 if the stored value is >65536 then max_distance MUST be set to 65536 |
12501 | 464 |
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465 This is also half the max frame size without a checksum after the |
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466 frameheader. |
17799 | 467 |
468 | |
17577 | 469 max_pts_distance |
470 max absoloute difference of pts of new frame from last_pts in the | |
17944 | 471 timebase of the stream, without a checksum after the frameheader. |
472 A frame header MUST include a checksum if abs(pts-last_pts) is | |
473 strictly greater than max_pts_distance. | |
17711 | 474 Note that last_pts is not necessarily the pts of the last frame |
17577 | 475 on the same stream, as it is altered by syncpoint timestamps. |
17801 | 476 SHOULD NOT be higher than 1/timebase |
17577 | 477 |
16429 | 478 stream_id |
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479 Stream identifier |
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480 stream_id MUST be < stream_count |
9294 | 481 |
482 stream_class | |
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483 0 video |
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484 1 audio |
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485 2 subtiles |
17793 | 486 3 userdata |
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487 Note: the remaining values are reserved and MUST NOT be used |
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488 a demuxer MUST ignore streams with reserved classes |
9294 | 489 |
490 fourcc | |
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491 identification for the codec |
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492 example: "H264" |
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493 MUST contain 2 or 4 bytes, note, this might be increased in the future |
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494 if needed |
18899 | 495 the id values used are the same as in avi, so if a codec uses a specific |
496 fourcc in avi then the same fourcc MUST be used here | |
9294 | 497 |
9297 | 498 time_base_nom / time_base_denom = time_base |
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499 the length of a timer tick in seconds, this MUST be equal to the 1/fps |
17939 | 500 if FLAG_FIXED_FPS is set |
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501 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST NOT be 0 |
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502 time_base_nom and time_base_denom MUST be relatively prime |
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503 time_base_denom MUST be < 2^31 |
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504 examples: |
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505 fps time_base_nom time_base_denom |
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506 30 1 30 |
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507 29.97 1001 30000 |
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508 23.976 1001 24000 |
17883 | 509 There MUST NOT be 2 identical timebases in a file. |
510 There SHOULD NOT be more timebases than streams. | |
9294 | 511 |
17872 | 512 time_base_id |
20829 | 513 index into the time_base table |
20836 | 514 MUST be < time_base_count |
17872 | 515 |
17328 | 516 convert_ts |
517 To switch from 2 different timebases, the following calculation is | |
518 defined: | |
12413 | 519 |
17328 | 520 ln = from_time_base_nom*to_time_base_denom |
521 sn = from_timestamp | |
522 d1 = from_time_base_denom | |
523 d2 = to_time_base_nom | |
524 timestamp = (ln/d1*sn + ln%d1*sn/d1)/d2 | |
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525 Note: this calculation MUST be done with unsigned 64 bit integers, and |
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526 is equivalent to (ln*sn)/(d1*d2) but this would require a 96bit integer |
12413 | 527 |
17532 | 528 compare_ts |
529 Compares timestamps from 2 different timebases, | |
530 if a is before b then compare_ts(a, b) = -1 | |
531 if a is after b then compare_ts(a, b) = 1 | |
532 else compare_ts(a, b) = 0 | |
533 | |
534 Care must be taken that this is done exactly with no rounding errors, | |
535 simply casting to float or double and doing the obvious | |
536 a*timebase > b*timebase is not compliant or correct, neither is the | |
537 same with integers, and | |
538 a*a_timebase.num*b_timebase.den > b*b_timebase.num*a_timebase.den | |
539 will overflow. One possible implementation which shouldn't overflow | |
540 within the range of legal timestamps and timebases is: | |
541 | |
542 if (convert_ts(a, a_timebase, b_timebase) < b) return -1; | |
543 if (convert_ts(b, b_timebase, a_timebase) < a) return 1; | |
544 return 0; | |
545 | |
16429 | 546 msb_pts_shift |
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547 amount of bits in lsb_pts |
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548 MUST be <16 |
9294 | 549 |
12333 | 550 decode_delay |
20870 | 551 size of the reordering buffer used to convert pts to dts |
552 codecs which dont support b frames normaly use 0 | |
553 mpeg1/mpeg2 style codecs with b frames use 1 | |
554 h264 style b pyramid uses 2 | |
555 h264 and future codecs might need values >2 | |
556 audio codecs generally use 0 (we arent aware of any which doesnt | |
557 but its theoretically possible that one exists which needs it >0) | |
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558 decode_delay MUST NOT be set higher than necessary for a codec. |
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559 |
17939 | 560 stream_flags |
561 Bit Name Description | |
562 1 FLAG_FIXED_FPS indicates that the fps is fixed | |
9294 | 563 |
9356 | 564 codec_specific_data |
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565 private global data for a codec (could be huffman tables or ...) |
19105 | 566 if a codec has a global header it SHOULD be placed in here instead of |
567 at the start of every keyframe | |
568 the exact format is specified in the codec spec | |
19121 | 569 for H.264 the NAL units MUST be formated as in a bytestream |
570 (with 00 00 01 prefixes) | |
12082 | 571 |
572 frame_code | |
20775 | 573 frame_code is a 8bit field which exists before every frame, it can |
574 store part of the size of the frame, the stream number, the timestamp | |
575 and some flags amongth other things, what is not directly stored | |
576 in it but is needed is stored in various fields immedeatly after it | |
577 the values stored in it can be found in the main header | |
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578 the value 78 ('N') is forbidden to ensure that the byte is always |
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579 different from the first byte of any startcode |
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580 a muxer SHOULD mark 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid to improve error |
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581 detection |
9420 | 582 |
17718 | 583 flags[frame_code], frame_flags |
17940 | 584 Bit Name Description |
17809 | 585 1 FLAG_KEY if set, frame is keyframe |
586 2 FLAG_EOR if set, stream has no relevance on | |
17824 | 587 presentation. (EOR) |
17887 | 588 8 FLAG_CODED_PTS if set, coded_pts is in the frame header |
589 16 FLAG_STREAM_ID if set, stream_id is coded in the frame header | |
17809 | 590 32 FLAG_SIZE_MSB if set, data_size_msb is at frame header, |
591 otherwise data_size_msb is 0 | |
592 64 FLAG_CHECKSUM if set then the frame header contains a checksum | |
17887 | 593 128 FLAG_RESERVED if set, reserved_count is coded in the frame header |
17809 | 594 4096 FLAG_CODED if set, coded_flags are stored in the frame header. |
595 8192 FLAG_INVALID if set, frame_code is invalid. | |
17437 | 596 |
597 EOR frames MUST be zero-length and must be set keyframe. | |
598 All streams SHOULD end with EOR, where the pts of the EOR indicates the | |
599 end presentation time of the final frame. | |
600 An EOR set stream is unset by the first content frames. | |
17551 | 601 EOR can only be unset in streams with zero decode_delay . |
17944 | 602 FLAG_CHECKSUM MUST be set if the frame's data_size is strictly greater than |
603 2*max_distance or the difference abs(pts-last_pts) is strictly greater than | |
604 max_pts_distance (where pts represents this frame's pts and last_pts is | |
605 defined as below). | |
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606 |
20460 | 607 last_pts |
608 the timestamp of the last frame with the same stream_id as the current | |
609 if there is no such frame between the last syncpoint and the current | |
610 frame then the syncpoint timestamp is used, see global_key_pts | |
611 | |
17887 | 612 stream_id[frame_code] |
20778 | 613 if FLAG_STREAM_ID is not set then this is the stream number for the |
614 frame following this frame_code | |
615 if FLAG_STREAM_ID is set then this value has no meaning | |
17826 | 616 MUST be <250 |
9579
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617 |
12082 | 618 data_size_mul[frame_code] |
20778 | 619 if FLAG_SIZE_MSB is set then data_size_msb which is stored after the |
620 frame code is multiplied with it and forms the more significant part | |
621 of the size of the following frame | |
622 if FLAG_SIZE_MSB is not set then this field has no meaning | |
17826 | 623 MUST be <16384 |
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624 |
12082 | 625 data_size_lsb[frame_code] |
20778 | 626 the less significant part of the size of the following frame |
627 this added together with data_size_mul*data_size_msb is the size of | |
628 the following frame | |
17826 | 629 MUST be <16384 |
12082 | 630 |
16429 | 631 pts_delta[frame_code] |
17826 | 632 MUST be <16384 and >-16384 |
20460 | 633 if FLAG_CODED_PTS is set in the flags of the current frame then this |
634 value MUST be ignored, if FLAG_CODED_PTS is not set then pts_delta is the | |
635 difference between the current pts and last_pts | |
12413 | 636 |
17640 | 637 reserved_count[frame_code] |
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638 MUST be <256 |
17640 | 639 |
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640 data_size |
20778 | 641 the size of the following frame |
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642 data_size= data_size_lsb + data_size_msb*data_size_mul; |
12082 | 643 |
16429 | 644 coded_pts |
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645 if coded_pts < (1<<msb_pts_shift) then it is an lsb |
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646 pts, otherwise it is a full pts + (1<<msb_pts_shift) |
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647 lsb pts is converted to a full pts by: |
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648 mask = (1<<msb_pts_shift)-1; |
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649 delta = last_pts - mask/2 |
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650 pts = ((pts_lsb-delta)&mask) + delta |
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651 |
16429 | 652 lsb_pts |
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653 least significant bits of the pts in time_base precision |
9294 | 654 Example: IBBP display order |
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655 keyframe pts=0 -> pts=0 |
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656 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=3 |
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657 frame lsb_pts=1 -> pts=1 |
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658 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=2 |
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659 ... |
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660 keyframe msb_pts=257 -> pts=257 |
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661 frame lsb_pts=255 -> pts=255 |
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662 frame lsb_pts=0 -> pts=256 |
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663 frame lsb_pts=4 -> pts=260 |
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664 frame lsb_pts=2 -> pts=258 |
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665 frame lsb_pts=3 -> pts=259 |
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666 all pts's of keyframes of a single stream MUST be monotone |
9294 | 667 |
12333 | 668 dts |
20780 | 669 decoding timestamp |
670 the dts of a frame is the timestamp of the first sample which is | |
671 output by a decoder when it is feeded with the frame, note that the | |
672 data output is not neccesarily what is coded in the frame, but may | |
673 be data from previous frames | |
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674 dts is calculated by using a decode_delay+1 sized buffer for each |
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675 stream, into which the current pts is inserted and the element with |
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676 the smallest value is removed, this is then the current dts |
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|
677 this buffer is initalized with decode_delay -1 elements |
17327 | 678 |
679 Pts of all frames in all streams MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all | |
17437 | 680 previous frames in all streams, compared in common timebase. (EOR |
681 frames are NOT exempt from this rule) | |
20846
c1e47896ad80
least restrictive dts ordering rule which ensures frames are in decoding order
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|
682 Dts of all frames MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all previous frames |
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|
683 in the same stream |
12333 | 684 |
9294 | 685 width/height |
20780 | 686 width and height of the video in pixels |
17730 | 687 MUST be set to the coded width/height, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 688 |
689 sample_width/sample_height (aspect ratio) | |
16686
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690 sample_width is the horizontal distance between samples |
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|
691 sample_width and sample_height MUST be relatively prime if not zero |
17795
a4e7458d61ed
little clarification of sample_width/sample_height
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diff
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|
692 both MUST be 0 if unknown otherwise both MUST be non zero |
16686
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693 |
10158
93e5428d0b3e
some changes (michael: is the colorspace_type field needed?)
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|
694 colorspace_type |
16686
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|
695 0 unknown |
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696 1 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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697 2 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 16..235 Cb/Cr range: 16..240 |
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|
698 17 ITU Rec 624 / ITU Rec 601 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
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699 18 ITU Rec 709 Y range: 0..255 Cb/Cr range: 0..255 |
10166 | 700 |
12333 | 701 samplerate_nom / samplerate_denom = samplerate |
17730 | 702 the number of samples per second, MUST NOT be 0 |
9294 | 703 |
17683 | 704 crc32 checksum |
17710 | 705 Generator polynomial is 0x104C11DB7. Starting value is zero. |
17683 | 706 |
9294 | 707 checksum |
17577 | 708 crc32 checksum |
16686
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|
709 checksum is calculated for the area pointed to by forward_ptr not |
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710 including the checksum itself (from first byte after the |
17808
278206dd6fbd
clarify, header_checksum is not included in forward_ptr and in packet checksum
ods15
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17801
diff
changeset
|
711 packet_header until last byte before the checksum). |
17711 | 712 for frame headers the checksum contains the framecode byte and all |
713 following bytes upto the checksum itself | |
9294 | 714 |
17792 | 715 header_checksum |
716 checksum over the startcode and forward pointer | |
717 | |
17640 | 718 Syncpoint tags: |
719 --------------- | |
720 | |
17800 | 721 back_ptr_div16 |
722 back_ptr = back_ptr_div16 * 16 + 15 | |
723 back_ptr must point to a position within 16 bytes of a syncpoint | |
17439
f6e39517d5b6
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|
724 startcode. This syncpoint MUST be the closest syncpoint such that at |
f6e39517d5b6
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diff
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|
725 least one keyframe with a pts lower or equal to the original syncpoint's |
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|
726 global_key_pts for all streams lies between it and the current syncpoint. |
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|
727 |
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|
728 A stream where EOR is set is to be ignored for back_ptr. |
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cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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diff
changeset
|
729 |
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changeset
|
730 global_key_pts |
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diff
changeset
|
731 After a syncpoint, last_pts of each stream is to be set to: |
17872 | 732 last_pts[i] = convert_ts(global_key_pts, time_base[id], time_base[i]) |
17439
f6e39517d5b6
cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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diff
changeset
|
733 |
f6e39517d5b6
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diff
changeset
|
734 global_key_pts MUST be bigger or equal to dts of all past frames across |
f6e39517d5b6
cosmetic change, shift stuff around to more logical places
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diff
changeset
|
735 all streams, and smaller or equal to pts of all future frames. |
f6e39517d5b6
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ods15
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diff
changeset
|
736 |
17640 | 737 Index tags: |
738 ----------- | |
739 | |
16429 | 740 max_pts |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
michael
parents:
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diff
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|
741 The highest pts in the entire file |
9294 | 742 |
17800 | 743 syncpoint_pos_div16 |
744 offset from begginning of file to up to 15 bytes before the syncpoint | |
17438 | 745 referred to in this index entry. Relative to position of last |
746 syncpoint. | |
747 | |
748 has_keyframe | |
749 indicates whether this stream has a keyframe between this syncpoint and | |
750 the last syncpoint. | |
751 | |
752 keyframe_pts | |
753 The pts of the first keyframe for this stream in the region between the | |
17531 | 754 2 syncpoints, in the stream's timebase. (EOR frames are also keyframes) |
755 | |
756 eor_pts | |
757 Coded only if EOR is set at the position of the syncpoint. The pts of | |
758 that EOR. EOR is unset by the first keyframe after it. | |
9294 | 759 |
16429 | 760 index_ptr |
17726 | 761 Length in bytes of the entire index, from the first byte of the |
762 startcode until the last byte of the checksum. | |
763 Note: A demuxer can use this to find the index when it is written at | |
764 EOF, as index_ptr will always be 12 bytes before the end of file if | |
765 there is an index at all. | |
766 | |
16429 | 767 |
17640 | 768 Info tags: |
769 ---------- | |
770 | |
17669 | 771 stream_id_plus1 |
772 Stream this info packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
773 file. | |
774 | |
775 chapter_id | |
776 Id of chapter this packet applies to. If zero, packet applies to whole | |
777 file. Positive chapter_id's are real chapters and MUST NOT overlap. | |
778 Negative chapter_id indicate a sub region of file and not a real | |
779 chapter. chapter_id MUST be unique to the region it represents. | |
17711 | 780 chapter_id n MUST not be used unless there are at least n chapters in the |
781 file | |
17669 | 782 |
783 chapter_start | |
17796
6edc4492b777
universal timestamp (= stream_id + timestamp in stream timebase)
michael
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diff
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|
784 timestamp of start of chapter |
17669 | 785 |
786 chapter_len | |
787 Length of chapter in same timebase of chapter_start. | |
16686
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|
788 |
9323 | 789 type |
16686
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|
790 for example: "UTF8" -> string or "JPEG" -> JPEG image |
17685 | 791 "v" -> unsigned integer |
792 "s" -> signed integer | |
793 "r" -> rational | |
16686
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|
794 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
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|
795 Note: MUST be less than 6 byte long (might be increased to 64 later) |
9323 | 796 |
13308
8ff17d153414
info packet is now file global, while meta pakcet is stream specific, as discussed with Rich
alex
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
797 info packet types |
16686
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|
798 the name of the info entry, valid names are |
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|
799 "Author" |
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|
800 "Description" |
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|
801 "Copyright" |
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|
802 "Encoder" |
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|
803 the name & version of the software used for encoding |
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|
804 "Title" |
17669 | 805 "Cover" (allowed types are "PNG" and "JPEG") |
16686
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806 image of the (CD, DVD, VHS, ..) cover (preferably PNG or JPEG) |
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|
807 "Source" |
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808 "DVD", "VCD", "CD", "MD", "FM radio", "VHS", "TV", "LD" |
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|
809 Optional: appended PAL, NTSC, SECAM, ... in parentheses |
18899 | 810 "SourceContainer" |
811 "nut", "mkv", "mov", "avi", "ogg", "rm", "mpeg-ps", "mpeg-ts", "raw" | |
812 "SourceCodecTag" | |
813 the source codec id like a fourcc which was used to store a specific | |
814 stream in its SourceContainer | |
16686
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|
815 "CaptureDevice" |
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|
816 "BT878", "BT848", "webcam", ... (more exact names are fine too) |
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|
817 "CreationTime" |
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|
818 "2003-01-20 20:13:15Z", ... |
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819 (ISO 8601 format, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html) |
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|
820 Note: do not forget the timezone |
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|
821 "Keywords" |
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|
822 "Language" |
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|
823 ISO 639 and ISO 3166 for language/country code |
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|
824 something like "eng" (US english), can be 0 if unknown |
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|
825 and "multi" if several languages |
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|
826 see http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html |
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|
827 and http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html |
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|
828 the language code |
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|
829 "Disposition" |
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|
830 "original", "dub" (translated), "comment", "lyrics", "karaoke" |
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831 Note: if someone needs some others, please tell us about them, so we |
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832 can add them to the official standard (if they are sane) |
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|
833 Note: nonstandard fields should be prefixed by "X-" |
17686 | 834 Note: names of fields SHOULD be in English if a word with the same |
17653 | 835 meaning exists in English |
16686
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836 Note: MUST be less than 64 bytes long |
9295 | 837 |
838 value | |
16686
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|
839 value of this name/type pair |
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|
840 |
9310 | 841 stuffing |
16686
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|
842 0x80 can be placed in front of any type v entry for stuffing purposes |
17797
b1d80d05eaa8
limit stuffing to prevent header_checksum from endup being useless due to a gb of 0x80 after a 'N'
michael
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diff
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|
843 except the forward_ptr and all fields in the frame header where a |
b1d80d05eaa8
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parents:
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|
844 maximum of 8 stuffing bytes per field are allowed |
9294 | 845 |
16842
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|
846 |
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|
847 Structure: |
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|
848 ---------- |
9294 | 849 |
850 the headers MUST be in exactly the following order (to simplify demuxer design) | |
851 main header | |
852 stream_header (id=0) | |
853 stream_header (id=1) | |
854 ... | |
855 stream_header (id=n) | |
856 | |
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857 headers may be repeated, but if they are, then they MUST all be repeated |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
michael
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diff
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|
858 together and repeated headers MUST be identical |
17547 | 859 |
860 Each set of repeated headers not at the beginning or end of the file SHOULD | |
861 be stored at the earliest possible position after 2^x where x is | |
15008
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less amateurish-looking mpcf.txt patch by (Jeff >snacky ikaruga co uk<)
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parents:
14919
diff
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|
862 an integer and the file end, so the headers may be repeated at 4102 if that is |
0a43341c8bfd
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|
863 the closest position after 2^12=4096 at which the headers can be placed |
9294 | 864 |
17547 | 865 Note: this allows an implementation reading the file to locate backup |
866 headers in O(log filesize) time as opposed to O(filesize) | |
867 | |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
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|
868 headers MUST be placed at least at the start of the file and immediately before |
12501 | 869 the index or at the file end if there is no index |
16428 | 870 headers MUST be repeated at least twice (so they exist three times in a file) |
9295 | 871 |
16685 | 872 there MUST be a sync point immediately before the first frame after any headers |
12503 | 873 |
16842
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|
874 |
d977560c702b
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|
875 Index: |
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changeset
|
876 ------ |
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|
877 |
15008
0a43341c8bfd
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michael
parents:
14919
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|
878 Note: with realtime streaming, there is no end, so no index there either |
17533 | 879 Index MAY only be repeated after main headers. |
17726 | 880 If an index is written anywhere in the file, it MUST be written at end of |
881 file as well. | |
9310 | 882 |
16842
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883 |
17669 | 884 Info: |
885 ----- | |
886 | |
20922 | 887 If a info packet is stored anywhere then a muxer MUST also store an identical |
17771 | 888 info packet after every main-stream-header set |
9310 | 889 |
17771 | 890 If a demuxer has seen several info packets with the same chapter_id and |
891 stream_id then it MUST ignore all but the one with the highest position in | |
892 the file | |
17669 | 893 |
20650 | 894 demxuxers SHOULD NOT search the whole file for info packets |
16842
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|
895 |
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|
896 demuxer (non-normative): |
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|
897 ------------------------ |
12501 | 898 |
16428 | 899 in the absence of a valid header at the beginning, players SHOULD search for |
900 backup headers starting at offset 2^x; for each x players SHOULD end their | |
901 search at a particular offset when any startcode is found (including syncpoint) | |
12501 | 902 |
16842
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903 |
20965 | 904 Seeking without an index (non-normative): |
905 ----------------------------------------- | |
906 A. backward seeking | |
907 1. perform a binary search on the syncpoint timestamps finding the one | |
908 which is largest and <= the target timestamp | |
909 B. forward seeking | |
910 1a. perform a binary search on the syncpoint timestamps finding the one | |
911 which is smallest and >= the target timestamp | |
912 1b. perform a binary search on the syncpoint back pointers finding the | |
913 smallest one which has a back ptr >= the position of what was found in 1. | |
914 2. follow the back pointer to the correspoding syncpoint | |
915 | |
916 Seeking with an index (non-normative): | |
917 -------------------------------------- | |
918 The demuxer only has to find the appropriate keyframe in the index and | |
919 start demuxing from the previous syncpoint | |
920 | |
921 Note, more complicated seeking methods exist which are capable of quickly | |
922 seeking to the optimal point in the presence of an index even if only a | |
20966 | 923 subset of all streams is active |
924 | |
925 A muxer SHOULD place syncpoints so that that simple low complexity seeking | |
926 works with fine granularity, that is syncpoints should be placed prior | |
927 to keyframes instead of non keyframes and with high enough frequency | |
928 (once per second unless there are no keyframes between this and the previous | |
929 syncpoint) | |
930 | |
931 encoders SHOULD place keyframes so that the number of points where all | |
932 streams have a keyframe at the same time is maximized, this ensures that | |
933 seeking (complicated or not) does not need to demux and decode significant | |
934 amounts of data to reach a point where a presentable frame for each stream | |
935 is available after seeking | |
20965 | 936 |
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937 |
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938 Semantic requirements: |
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939 ====================== |
16429 | 940 |
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941 If more than one stream of a given stream class is present, each one SHOULD |
16429 | 942 have info tags specifying disposition, and if applicable, language. |
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943 It often highly improves usability and is therefore strongly encouraged. |
16429 | 944 |
945 A demuxer MUST NOT demux a stream which contains more than one stream, or which | |
946 is wrapped in a structure to facilitate more than one stream or otherwise | |
947 duplicate the role of a container. any such file is to be considered invalid. | |
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948 for example vorbis in ogg in nut is invalid, as is |
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949 mpegvideo+mpegaudio in mpeg-ps/ts in nut or dvvideo + dvaudio in dv in nut |
16429 | 950 |
12501 | 951 |
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952 |
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953 Sample code (Public Domain, & untested): |
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954 ======================================== |
9294 | 955 |
956 typedef BufferContext{ | |
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957 uint8_t *buf; |
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958 uint8_t *buf_ptr; |
9294 | 959 }BufferContext; |
960 | |
961 static inline uint64_t get_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count){ | |
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962 uint64_t val=0; |
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963 |
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964 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 965 |
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966 for(i=0; i<count; i++){ |
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967 val <<=8; |
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968 val += *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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969 } |
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970 |
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971 return val; |
9294 | 972 } |
973 | |
974 static inline void put_bytes(BufferContext *bc, int count, uint64_t val){ | |
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975 uint64_t val=0; |
9294 | 976 |
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977 assert(count>0 && count<9); |
9294 | 978 |
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979 for(i=count-1; i>=0; i--){ |
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980 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val >> (8*i); |
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981 } |
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982 |
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983 return val; |
9294 | 984 } |
985 | |
10061 | 986 static inline uint64_t get_v(BufferContext *bc){ |
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987 uint64_t val= 0; |
9294 | 988 |
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989 for(; space_left(bc) > 0; ){ |
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990 int tmp= *(bc->buf_ptr++); |
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991 if(tmp&0x80) |
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992 val= (val<<7) + tmp - 0x80; |
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993 else |
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994 return (val<<7) + tmp; |
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995 } |
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996 |
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997 return -1; |
9294 | 998 } |
999 | |
10061 | 1000 static inline int put_v(BufferContext *bc, uint64_t val){ |
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1001 int i; |
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1002 |
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1003 if(space_left(bc) < 9) return -1; |
9294 | 1004 |
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1005 val &= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; // FIXME can only encode upto 63 bits currently |
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1006 for(i=7; ; i+=7){ |
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1007 if(val>>i == 0) break; |
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1008 } |
9294 | 1009 |
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1010 for(i-=7; i>0; i-=7){ |
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1011 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= 0x80 | (val>>i); |
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1012 } |
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1013 *(bc->buf_ptr++)= val&0x7F; |
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1014 |
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1015 return 0; |
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1016 } |
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1017 |
12333 | 1018 static int64_t get_dts(int64_t pts, int64_t *pts_cache, int delay, int reset){ |
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1019 if(reset) memset(pts_cache, -1, delay*sizeof(int64_t)); |
12333 | 1020 |
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1021 while(delay--){ |
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1022 int64_t t= pts_cache[delay]; |
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1023 if(t < pts){ |
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1024 pts_cache[delay]= pts; |
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1025 pts= t; |
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1026 } |
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1027 } |
12333 | 1028 |
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1029 return pts; |
12333 | 1030 } |
1031 | |
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1032 |
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1033 |
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1034 Authors: |
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1035 ======== |
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1036 |
16428 | 1037 Folks from the MPlayer developers mailing list (http://www.mplayerhq.hu/). |
1038 Authors in alphabetical order: (FIXME! Tell us if we left you out) | |
16843 | 1039 Beregszaszi, Alex (alex@fsn.hu) |
1040 Bunkus, Moritz (moritz@bunkus.org) | |
1041 Diedrich, Tobias (ranma+mplayer@tdiedrich.de) | |
1042 Felker, Rich (dalias@aerifal.cx) | |
1043 Franz, Fabian (FabianFranz@gmx.de) | |
1044 Gereoffy, Arpad (arpi@thot.banki.hu) | |
1045 Hess, Andreas (jaska@gmx.net) | |
1046 Niedermayer, Michael (michaelni@gmx.at) | |
1047 Shimon, Oded (ods15@ods15.dyndns.org) |